--- title: 1 Kings 16:13 — for all the sins of Baasa, and the sins of Elah his son, which they… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: for all the sins of Baasa, and the sins of Elah his son, which they sinned, and wherewith they made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, with their vanities. Who acts: sins, Israel. 1 Kings 16:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/16/) / 16:13 # 1 Kings 16:13 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** sins, Israel · **What happens:** sin, make, provoke · **To what, where:** sins, Israel, LORD This is 1 Kings 16:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sins, Israel — and what happens in the verse to sins, Israel, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֶ֚ל כָּל־חַטֹּ֣אות בַּעְשָׁ֔א וְחַטֹּ֖אות אֵלָ֣ה בְנ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטְא֗וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַכְעִ֗יס אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם׃ [for all the sins of Baasa, and the sins of Elah his son, which they sinned, and wherewith they made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, with their vanities.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.603/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:578 # text = אֶ֚ל כָּל־חַטֹּ֣אות בַּעְשָׁ֔א וְחַטֹּ֖אות אֵלָ֣ה בְנ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטְא֗וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַכְעִ֗יס אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = 1KI.16.13 1 אֶ֚ל אֶל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=because.of|Ref=1KI_16:13!1|MId=o110160130011|Strong=0413 2 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_16:13!2|MId=o110160130021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 3 חַטֹּ֣אות חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sins|Ref=1KI_16:13!3|MId=o110160130031|Strong=2403 4 בַּעְשָׁ֔א בַּעְשָׁא PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Baasha|Ref=1KI_16:13!4|MId=o110160130041|Strong=1201 5-6 וְחַטֹּ֖אות _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_16:13!5|MId=o110160130051|Strong=2050b 6 חַטֹּ֖אות חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=the.sins|Ref=1KI_16:13!5|MId=o110160130052|Strong=2403 7 אֵלָ֣ה אֵלָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Elah|Ref=1KI_16:13!6|MId=o110160130061|Strong=0425 8-9 בְנ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=1KI_16:13!7|MId=o110160130071|Strong=1121 9 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_16:13!7|MId=o110160130072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_16:13!8|MId=o110160130081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 חָטְא֗וּ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.sinned|Ref=1KI_16:13!9|MId=o110160130091|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:110160130041;110160130061;A1:110160130031;110160130052;|Type=qatal 12-13 וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_16:13!10|MId=o110160130101|Strong=2050b 13 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_16:13!10|MId=o110160130102|Strong=0834|Type=relative 14 הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=they.caused.to.sin|Ref=1KI_16:13!11|MId=o110160130111|Strong=2398|Frame=AA:110160130041;110160130061;A0:110160130131;A1:110160130031;110160130052;|Type=qatal 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_16:13!12|MId=o110160130121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 14 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_16:13!13|MId=o110160130131|Strong=3478 17-18 לְהַכְעִ֗יס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_16:13!14|MId=o110160130141|Strong=3807a 18 הַכְעִ֗יס כָּעַס VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 14 advcl _ Gloss=provoke.to.anger|Ref=1KI_16:13!14|MId=o110160130142|Strong=3707|Frame=AA:110160130041;110160130061;A0:110160130161;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_16:13!15|MId=o110160130151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1KI_16:13!16|MId=o110160130161|Strong=3068 21 אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=1KI_16:13!17|MId=o110160130171|Strong=0430 22 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_16:13!18|MId=o110160130181|Strong=3478 23-25 בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1KI_16:13!19|MId=o110160130191|Strong=0871a 24 הַבְלֵי הֶבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=vanities|Ref=1KI_16:13!19|MId=o110160130192|Strong=1892 25 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1KI_16:13!19|MId=o110160130193|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1KI_16:13!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָטְאוּ *they sinned* | qatal · qal | בַּעְשָׁא *of Baasha* + אֵלָה *of Elah* | חַטֹּאות *the sins* + חַטֹּאות *the sins* | | | | הֶחֱטִיאוּ *they caused to sin* | qatal · hiphil | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | חַטֹּאות *the sins* + חַטֹּאות *the sins* | | בַּעְשָׁא *of Baasha* + אֵלָה *of Elah* | | הַכְעִיס *provoke to anger* | infinitive construct · hiphil | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | בַּעְשָׁא *of Baasha* + אֵלָה *of Elah* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַל כָּל חוֹבֵי בַעְשָׁא וְחוֹבֵי אֵלָה בְרֵיהּ דִי חָבוּ וְדִי חַיִבוּ יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאַרְגָזָא קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּטַעֲוַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [for all the sins of Baasa, and the sins of Elah his son, which they sinned, and wherewith they made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, with their vanities.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.603/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:578`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 16:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.12/) - next →: [1 Kings 16:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.14/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/16/)