--- title: 1 Kings 16:33 — And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, than all the kings of Israel that were before him. Who acts: Ahab, kings. 1 Kings 16:33 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.33/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/16/) / 16:33 # 1 Kings 16:33 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Ahab, kings · **What happens:** make, do, provoke, be · **To what, where:** Asherah, LORD This is 1 Kings 16:33 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahab, kings — and what happens in the verse to Asherah, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וַיּ֨וֹסֶף אַחְאָ֜ב לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֨ל מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ [And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, than all the kings of Israel that were before him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.624/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:598 # text = וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וַיּ֨וֹסֶף אַחְאָ֜ב לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֨ל מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ # verse = 1KI.16.33 1-2 וַיַּ֥עַשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_16:33!1|MId=o110160330011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֥עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=1KI_16:33!1|MId=o110160330012|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110160330021;A1:110160330042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַחְאָ֖ב אַחְאָב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahab|Ref=1KI_16:33!2|MId=o110160330021|Strong=0256 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_16:33!3|MId=o110160330031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the).Asherah|Ref=1KI_16:33!4|MId=o110160330041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אֲשֵׁרָ֑ה אֲשֵׁרָה PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=pole|Ref=1KI_16:33!4|MId=o110160330042|Strong=0842 7-8 וַיּ֨וֹסֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_16:33!5|MId=o110160330051|Strong=2050b 8 יּ֨וֹסֶף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.increased|Ref=1KI_16:33!5|MId=o110160330052|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:110160330061;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אַחְאָ֜ב אַחְאָב PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahab|Ref=1KI_16:33!6|MId=o110160330061|Strong=0256 10-11 לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_16:33!7|MId=o110160330071|Strong=3807a 11 עֲשׂ֗וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 xcomp _ Gloss=do|Ref=1KI_16:33!7|MId=o110160330072|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110160330061;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 לְהַכְעִיס֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_16:33!8|MId=o110160330081|Strong=3807a 13 הַכְעִיס֙ כָּעַס VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 11 advcl _ Gloss=provoke.to.anger|Ref=1KI_16:33!8|MId=o110160330082|Strong=3707|Frame=AA:110160330061;A0:110160330101;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_16:33!9|MId=o110160330091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15 יְהֹוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 13 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1KI_16:33!10|MId=o110160330101|Strong=3068 16 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=1KI_16:33!11|MId=o110160330111|Strong=0430 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_16:33!12|MId=o110160330121|Strong=3478 18-19 מִכֹּ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=1KI_16:33!13|MId=o110160330131|Strong=4480 19 כֹּ֨ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=than.all|Ref=1KI_16:33!13|MId=o110160330132|Strong=3605 20 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=1KI_16:33!14|MId=o110160330141|Strong=4428 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_16:33!15|MId=o110160330151|Strong=3478 22 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1KI_16:33!16|MId=o110160330161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23 הָי֖וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=1KI_16:33!17|MId=o110160330171|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110160330141;|Type=qatal 24-26 לְפָנָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1KI_16:33!18|MId=o110160330181|Strong=3807a 25 פָנָֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_16:33!18|MId=o110160330182|Strong=6440 26 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_16:33!18|MId=o110160330183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1KI_16:33!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַשׂ *he made* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | אֲשֵׁרָה *pole* | | | | יּוֹסֶף *he increased* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *do* | infinitive construct · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | | הַכְעִיס *provoke to anger* | infinitive construct · hiphil | יְהֹוָה *Yahweh* | | | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | הָיוּ *they were* | qatal · qal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲבַד אַחְאָב יַת אֲשֵׁרָתָא וְאוֹסִיף אַחְאָב לְמֶעְבַּד לְאַרְגָזָא קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל מִכֹּל מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דַהֲווֹ קֳדָמוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, than all the kings of Israel that were before him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.624/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:598`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 16:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.32/) - next →: [1 Kings 16:34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.34/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/16/)