--- title: 1 Kings 18:18 — And he answered: 'I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy fath… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he answered: 'I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father's house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the LORD, and thou hast followed the Baalim. Who acts: Ahab, I, ye, thou. 1 Kings 18:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/) / 18:18 # 1 Kings 18:18 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Ahab, I, ye, thou · **What happens:** answer, not trouble, forsake, follow, command · **To what, where:** Israel, commandments, Baalim, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 18:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahab, I, ye, thou — and what happens in the verse to Israel, commandments, Baalim, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א עָכַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י אִם־אַתָּ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ בַּֽעֲזָבְכֶם֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַבְּעָלִֽים׃ [And he answered: 'I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father's house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the LORD, and thou hast followed the Baalim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.668/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:641 # text = וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א עָכַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י אִם־אַתָּ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ בַּֽעֲזָבְכֶם֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַבְּעָלִֽים׃ # verse = 1KI.18.18 1-2 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:18!1|MId=o110180180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_18:18!1|MId=o110180180012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110180170051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_18:18!2|MId=o110180180021|Strong=3808|Type=negative 4 עָכַ֙רְתִּי֙ עָכַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.have.troubled|Ref=1KI_18:18!3|MId=o110180180031|Strong=5916|Frame=A0:110180170051;A1:110180180051;|Type=qatal 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_18:18!4|MId=o110180180041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 4 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_18:18!5|MId=o110180180051|Strong=3478 7 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_18:18!6|MId=o110180180061|Strong=3588 8 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 7 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=1KI_18:18!7|MId=o110180180071|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 9 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 parataxis _ Gloss=you|Ref=1KI_18:18!8|MId=o110180180081|Strong=0859|Type=personal 10-11 וּבֵ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:18!9|MId=o110180180091|Strong=2050b 11 בֵ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=the.household|Ref=1KI_18:18!9|MId=o110180180092|Strong=1004 12-13 אָבִ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אָבִ֑י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.father|Ref=1KI_18:18!10|MId=o110180180101|Strong=0001 13 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_18:18!10|MId=o110180180102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-16 בַּֽעֲזָבְכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=1KI_18:18!11|MId=o110180180111|Strong=0871a 15 עֲזָב עָזַב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1KI_18:18!11|MId=o110180180112|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:110180180113;A1:110180180131;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ְכֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=have.forsaken|Ref=1KI_18:18!11|MId=o110180180113|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_18:18!12|MId=o110180180121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 מִצְוֺ֣ת מִצְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=the.commandments|Ref=1KI_18:18!13|MId=o110180180131|Strong=4687 19 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1KI_18:18!14|MId=o110180180141|Strong=3068 20-21 וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:18!15|MId=o110180180151|Strong=2050b 21 תֵּ֖לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 conj _ Gloss=you.have.walked|Ref=1KI_18:18!15|MId=o110180180152|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:110180170071;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אַחֲרֵ֥י אַחַר ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1KI_18:18!16|MId=o110180180161|Strong=0310 23-24 הַבְּעָלִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_18:18!17|MId=o110180180171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 בְּעָלִֽים בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=Baals|Ref=1KI_18:18!17|MId=o110180180172|Strong=1168 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=1KI_18:18!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** עָכַרְתִּי *I have troubled* | qatal · qal | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | עֲזָב *you* | infinitive construct · qal | ְכֶם *have forsaken* | מִצְוֺת *the commandments* | | | | תֵּלֶךְ *you have walked* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לָא עֲכַרִית יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלָהִין אַתְּ וּבֵית אֲבוּךְ בִּדְשַׁבַקְתּוּן יַת פִּקוּדַיָא דַייָ וַאֲזַלְתּוּן בָּתַר בְּעָלַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he answered: 'I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father's house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the LORD, and thou hast followed the Baalim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.668/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:641`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 18:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.17/) - next →: [1 Kings 18:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/)