--- title: 1 Kings 18:31 — And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying: 'Israel shall be thy name.' Who acts: Elijah, word, Israel. 1 Kings 18:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/) / 18:31 # 1 Kings 18:31 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Elijah, word, Israel · **What happens:** take, come, say, be, word · **To what, where:** twelve stones, name, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 18:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Elijah, word, Israel — and what happens in the verse to twelve stones, name, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ אֲבָנִ֔ים כְּמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֑ב אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ [And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying: 'Israel shall be thy name.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.683/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:654 # text = וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ אֲבָנִ֔ים כְּמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֑ב אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ # verse = 1KI.18.31 1-2 וַיִּקַּ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:31!1|MId=o110180310011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=1KI_18:31!1|MId=o110180310012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:110180310021;A1:110180310051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ אֵלִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Elijah|Ref=1KI_18:31!2|MId=o110180310021|Strong=0452 4 שְׁתֵּ֤ים שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 6 nummod _ Gloss=two.plus|Ref=1KI_18:31!3|MId=o110180310031|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 5 עֶשְׂרֵה֙ עֶשְׂרֵה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=1KI_18:31!4|MId=o110180310041|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 6 אֲבָנִ֔ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=stones|Ref=1KI_18:31!5|MId=o110180310051|Strong=0068 7-8 כְּמִסְפַּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=1KI_18:31!6|MId=o110180310061|Strong=3509a 8 מִסְפַּ֖ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=to.the.number|Ref=1KI_18:31!6|MId=o110180310062|Strong=4557 9 שִׁבְטֵ֣י שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.tribes|Ref=1KI_18:31!7|MId=o110180310071|Strong=7626 10 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.sons|Ref=1KI_18:31!8|MId=o110180310081|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 11 יַעֲקֹ֑ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jacob|Ref=1KI_18:31!9|MId=o110180310091|Strong=3290 12 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=1KI_18:31!10|MId=o110180310101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 הָיָ֨ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 cop _ Gloss=it.had.come|Ref=1KI_18:31!11|MId=o110180310111|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110180310121;|Type=qatal 14 דְבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=1KI_18:31!12|MId=o110180310121|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 15 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1KI_18:31!13|MId=o110180310131|Strong=3068 16-17 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_18:31!14|MId=o110180310141|Strong=0413 17 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_18:31!14|MId=o110180310142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1KI_18:31!15|MId=o110180310151|Strong=3807a 19 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_18:31!15|MId=o110180310152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110180310121;A1:110180310171;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 11 advcl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_18:31!16|MId=o110180310161|Strong=3478 21 יִהְיֶ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=1KI_18:31!17|MId=o110180310171|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110180310181;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 שְׁמֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=1KI_18:31!18|MId=o110180310181|Strong=8034 23 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_18:31!18|MId=o110180310182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=1KI_18:31!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֵלִיָּהוּ *Elijah* | אֲבָנִים *stones* | | | | הָיָה *it had come* | qatal · qal | דְבַר־ *the word* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | דְבַר־ *the word* | יִהְיֶה *it will be* | | | | יִהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | שְׁמ *name* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְסִיב אֵלִיָהוּ תַּרְתָּא עַסְרֵי אַבְנַיָא לְמִנְיַן שִׁבְטֵי בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב דִי הֲוָה פִתְגָמָא דַייָ עִמֵיהּ לְמֵימַר יִשְׂרָאֵל יְהֵי שְׁמָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying: 'Israel shall be thy name.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.683/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:654`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 18:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.30/) - next →: [1 Kings 18:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.32/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/)