--- title: 1 Kings 18:45 — And it came to pass in a little while, that the heaven grew black wi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass in a little while, that the heaven grew black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel. Who acts: rain, heaven, great rain, Ahab. 1 Kings 18:45 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/) / 18:45 # 1 Kings 18:45 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** rain, heaven, great rain, Ahab · **What happens:** come, pass, grow, be, ride, go · **To what, where:** Jezreel This is 1 Kings 18:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — rain, heaven, great rain, Ahab — and what happens in the verse to Jezreel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י ׀ עַד־כֹּ֣ה וְעַד־כֹּ֗ה וְהַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ֙ עָבִ֣ים וְר֔וּחַ וַיְהִ֖י גֶּ֣שֶׁם גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב אַחְאָ֖ב וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה׃ [And it came to pass in a little while, that the heaven grew black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.699/) [And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.700/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:668 # text = וַיְהִ֣י ׀ עַד־כֹּ֣ה וְעַד־כֹּ֗ה וְהַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ֙ עָבִ֣ים וְר֔וּחַ וַיְהִ֖י גֶּ֣שֶׁם גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב אַחְאָ֖ב וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה׃ # verse = 1KI.18.45 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:45!1|MId=o110180450011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1KI_18:45!1|MId=o110180450012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=1KI_18:45!1 4 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1KI_18:45!2|MId=o110180450021|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 5 כֹּ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1KI_18:45!3|MId=o110180450031|Strong=3541 6-7 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:45!4|MId=o110180450041|Strong=2050b 7 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1KI_18:45!4|MId=o110180450042|Strong=5704 8 כֹּ֗ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 5 conj _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1KI_18:45!5|MId=o110180450051|Strong=3541 9-11 וְהַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:45!6|MId=o110180450061|Strong=2050b 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_18:45!6|MId=o110180450062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 שָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=1KI_18:45!6|MId=o110180450063|Strong=8064 12 הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ֙ קָדַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.grew.dark|Ref=1KI_18:45!7|MId=o110180450071|Strong=6937|Frame=A0:110180450063;|Type=qatal 13 עָבִ֣ים עָב NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=clouds|Ref=1KI_18:45!8|MId=o110180450081|Strong=5645 14-15 וְר֔וּחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:45!9|MId=o110180450091|Strong=2050b 15 ר֔וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=wind|Ref=1KI_18:45!9|MId=o110180450092|Strong=7307 16-17 וַיְהִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:45!10|MId=o110180450101|Strong=2050b 17 יְהִ֖י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1KI_18:45!10|MId=o110180450102|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110180450111;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 גֶּ֣שֶׁם גֶּשֶׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=rain|Ref=1KI_18:45!11|MId=o110180450111|Strong=1653 19 גָּד֑וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1KI_18:45!12|MId=o110180450121|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 20-21 וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:45!13|MId=o110180450131|Strong=2050b 21 יִּרְכַּ֥ב רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.rode|Ref=1KI_18:45!13|MId=o110180450132|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:110180450141;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אַחְאָ֖ב אַחְאָב PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahab|Ref=1KI_18:45!14|MId=o110180450141|Strong=0256 23-24 וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_18:45!15|MId=o110180450151|Strong=2050b 24 יֵּ֥לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1KI_18:45!15|MId=o110180450152|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:110180450141;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 יִזְרְעֶֽאל יִזְרְעֶאל PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_18:45!16|MId=o110180450161|Strong=3157a 26 ָה ה X _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=Jezreel|Ref=1KI_18:45!16|MId=o110180450162|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1KI_18:45!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ *they grew dark* | qatal · hithpael | שָּׁמַיִם *heavens* | | | | | יְהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | גֶּשֶׁם *rain* | | | | | יִּרְכַּב *he rode* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה עַד דְמִזְדָרַז וְנָחִית וּשְׁמַיָא אִתְחַפִּיאוּ עַנָנָא וְרוּחָא וַהֲוָה מְטַר סַגִי וּרְכִיב אַחְאָב וַאֲזַל לְיִזְרְעֶאל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass in a little while, that the heaven grew black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.699/) 2. [And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.700/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:668`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 18:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.44/) - next →: [1 Kings 18:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.46/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/)