--- title: 1 Kings 19:2 — Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to-morrow about this time.' Who acts: Jezebel, gods, I. 1 Kings 19:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/19/) / 19:2 # 1 Kings 19:2 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Jezebel, gods, I · **What happens:** send, say, let, do, not make · **To what, where:** messenger, gods, me, life · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 19:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jezebel, gods, I — and what happens in the verse to messenger, gods, me, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִיזֶ֙בֶל֙ מַלְאָ֔ךְ אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשׂ֤וּן אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִפ֔וּן כִּֽי־כָעֵ֤ת מָחָר֙ אָשִׂ֣ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֔ כְּנֶ֖פֶשׁ אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃ [Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to-morrow about this time.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.703/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:671 # text = וַתִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִיזֶ֙בֶל֙ מַלְאָ֔ךְ אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשׂ֤וּן אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִפ֔וּן כִּֽי־כָעֵ֤ת מָחָר֙ אָשִׂ֣ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֔ כְּנֶ֖פֶשׁ אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃ # verse = 1KI.19.2 1-2 וַתִּשְׁלַ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_19:2!1|MId=o110190020011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.sent|Ref=1KI_19:2!1|MId=o110190020012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:110190020021;A1:110190020031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִיזֶ֙בֶל֙ אִיזֶבֶל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jezebel|Ref=1KI_19:2!2|MId=o110190020021|Strong=0348 4 מַלְאָ֔ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.messenger|Ref=1KI_19:2!3|MId=o110190020031|Strong=4397 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_19:2!4|MId=o110190020041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ אֵלִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Elijah|Ref=1KI_19:2!5|MId=o110190020051|Strong=0452 7-8 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 10 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1KI_19:2!6|MId=o110190020061|Strong=3807a 8 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_19:2!6|MId=o110190020062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110190020021;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1KI_19:2!7|MId=o110190020071|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 יַעֲשׂ֤וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 יַעֲשׂ֤וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=may|Ref=1KI_19:2!8|MId=o110190020081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110190020091;|Type=jussive 11 ן נ X _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=they.do|Ref=1KI_19:2!8|MId=o110190020082|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 12 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].gods|Ref=1KI_19:2!9|MId=o110190020091|Strong=0430 13-14 וְכֹ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_19:2!10|MId=o110190020101|Strong=2050b 14 כֹ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1KI_19:2!10|MId=o110190020102|Strong=3541 15-16 יוֹסִפ֔וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 יוֹסִפ֔וּ יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=may|Ref=1KI_19:2!11|MId=o110190020111|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:110190020091;|Type=jussive 16 ן נ X _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=they.add|Ref=1KI_19:2!11|MId=o110190020112|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 17 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_19:2!12|MId=o110190020121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 18-20 כָעֵ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כָ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=1KI_19:2!13|MId=o110190020131|Strong=3509a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1KI_19:2!13|MId=o110190020131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עֵ֤ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=time|Ref=1KI_19:2!13|MId=o110190020132|Strong=6256 21 מָחָר֙ מָחָר ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 advmod _ Gloss=tomorrow|Ref=1KI_19:2!14|MId=o110190020141|Strong=4279 22 אָשִׂ֣ים שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 10 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.make|Ref=1KI_19:2!15|MId=o110190020151|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:110190020021;A1:110190020171;|Type=yiqtol 23 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_19:2!16|MId=o110190020161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 נַפְשְׁךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1KI_19:2!17|MId=o110190020171|Strong=5315 25 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_19:2!17|MId=o110190020172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26-27 כְּנֶ֖פֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=like.[the]|Ref=1KI_19:2!18|MId=o110190020181|Strong=3509a 27 נֶ֖פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=life|Ref=1KI_19:2!18|MId=o110190020182|Strong=5315 28 אַחַ֥ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nummod _ Gloss=of.one|Ref=1KI_19:2!19|MId=o110190020191|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 29-30 מֵהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1KI_19:2!20|MId=o110190020201|Strong=4480 30 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod _ Gloss=them|Ref=1KI_19:2!20|MId=o110190020202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1KI_19:2!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּשְׁלַח *she sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִיזֶבֶל *Jezebel* | מַלְאָךְ *a messenger* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אִיזֶבֶל *Jezebel* | | | | | יַעֲשׂוּ *may* | jussive · qal | אֱלֹהִים *\[the\] gods* | | | | | יוֹסִפוּ *may* | jussive · hiphil | אֱלֹהִים *\[the\] gods* | | | | | אָשִׂים *I will make* | yiqtol · qal | אִיזֶבֶל *Jezebel* | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַחַת אִיזֶבֶל אִזְגָדָא לְוַת אֵלִיָהוּ לְמֵימָר כְּדֵין יַעְבְּדוּן דַחֲלָתָאִי וּכְדֵין יוֹסְפוּן אֱלָהֵין כְּעִדָנָא הָדֵין מְחַר אַשַׁוֵי יַת נַפְשָׁךְ כְּנַפְשָׁא דְחַד מִנְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to-morrow about this time.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.703/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:671`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 19:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.1/) - next →: [1 Kings 19:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.3/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/19/)