--- title: 1 Kings 19:4 — But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a broom-tree; and he requested for himself that he might die; and said: 'It is enough; now, O LORD, take away my life; for I am not better than my fathers.' Who acts: Jezebel, tree, I, day. 1 Kings 19:4 in Hebrew wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/19/) / 19:4 # 1 Kings 19:4 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Jezebel, tree, I, day · **What happens:** go, come, sit down, request, die, say · **To what, where:** journey, wilderness, broom tree, life · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 19:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jezebel, tree, I, day — and what happens in the verse to journey, wilderness, broom tree, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהֽוּא־הָלַ֤ךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ י֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ רַ֗ב עַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ קַ֣ח נַפְשִׁ֔י כִּֽי־לֹא־ט֥וֹב אָנֹכִ֖י מֵאֲבֹתָֽי׃ [But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a broom-tree; and he requested for himself that he might die; and said: 'It is enough; now, O LORD, take away my life; for I am not better than my fathers.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.705/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:673 # text = וְהֽוּא־הָלַ֤ךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ י֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ רַ֗ב עַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ קַ֣ח נַפְשִׁ֔י כִּֽי־לֹא־ט֥וֹב אָנֹכִ֖י מֵאֲבֹתָֽי׃ # verse = 1KI.19.4 1-2 וְהֽוּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_19:4!1|MId=o110190040011|Strong=2050b 2 הֽוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_19:4!1|MId=o110190040012|Strong=1931|Type=personal 3 הָלַ֤ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1KI_19:4!2|MId=o110190040021|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:110190040012;|Type=qatal 4-6 בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_19:4!3|MId=o110190040031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_19:4!3|MId=o110190040031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מִּדְבָּר֙ מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=1KI_19:4!3|MId=o110190040032|Strong=4057 7 דֶּ֣רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=a.journey|Ref=1KI_19:4!4|MId=o110190040041|Strong=1870 8 י֔וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.day|Ref=1KI_19:4!5|MId=o110190040051|Strong=3117 9-10 וַיָּבֹ֕א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_19:4!6|MId=o110190040061|Strong=2050b 10 יָּבֹ֕א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=1KI_19:4!6|MId=o110190040062|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:110190020051;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_19:4!7|MId=o110190040071|Strong=2050b 12 יֵּ֕שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.sat|Ref=1KI_19:4!7|MId=o110190040072|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:110190020051;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 תַּ֖חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=1KI_19:4!8|MId=o110190040081|Strong=8478 14 רֹ֣תֶם רֹתֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.broom.plant|Ref=1KI_19:4!9|MId=o110190040091|Strong=7574 15 אֶחָ֑ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=1KI_19:4!11|MId=o110190040111|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 16-17 וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_19:4!12|MId=o110190040121|Strong=2050b 17 יִּשְׁאַ֤ל שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.asked|Ref=1KI_19:4!12|MId=o110190040122|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:110190020051;A1:110190040141;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_19:4!13|MId=o110190040131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 נַפְשׁוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=self|Ref=1KI_19:4!14|MId=o110190040141|Strong=5315 20 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_19:4!14|MId=o110190040142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 לָמ֔וּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_19:4!15|MId=o110190040151|Strong=3807a 22 מ֔וּת מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 advcl _ Gloss=die|Ref=1KI_19:4!15|MId=o110190040152|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:110190020051;|Type=infinitive_construct 23-24 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_19:4!16|MId=o110190040161|Strong=2050b 24 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_19:4!16|MId=o110190040162|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110190020051;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=1KI_19:4!16 26 רַ֗ב רַב ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 ccomp _ Gloss=enough|Ref=1KI_19:4!17|MId=o110190040171|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 27 עַתָּ֤ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=1KI_19:4!18|MId=o110190040181|Strong=6258 28 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 29 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Yahweh|Ref=1KI_19:4!19|MId=o110190040191|Strong=3068 29 קַ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 26 parataxis _ Gloss=take|Ref=1KI_19:4!20|MId=o110190040201|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:110190040191;A1:110190040211;|Type=imperative 30-31 נַפְשִׁ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1KI_19:4!21|MId=o110190040211|Strong=5315 31 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_19:4!21|MId=o110190040212|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 32 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_19:4!22|MId=o110190040221|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 33 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_19:4!23|MId=o110190040231|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 34 ט֥וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 advcl _ Gloss=[am].good|Ref=1KI_19:4!24|MId=o110190040241|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 35 אָנֹכִ֖י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1KI_19:4!25|MId=o110190040251|Strong=0595|Type=personal 36-38 מֵאֲבֹתָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=1KI_19:4!26|MId=o110190040261|Strong=4480 37 אֲבֹת אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obl _ Gloss=than|Ref=1KI_19:4!26|MId=o110190040262|Strong=0001 38 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.ancestors|Ref=1KI_19:4!26|MId=o110190040263|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=1KI_19:4!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָלַךְ *he went* | qatal · qal | הֽוּא־ *he* | | | | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֵּשֶׁב *he sat* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּשְׁאַל *he asked* | wayyiqtol · qal | | נַפְשׁ *self* | | | | מוּת *die* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | קַח *take* | imperative · qal | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְהוּא הַלֵיךְ בְּמַדְבְּרָא מַהֲלַךְ יוֹמָא וַאֲתָא וִיתֵב תְּחוֹת רִתְמָא חָד וּשְׁאֵיל יַת נַפְשֵׁיהּ לִמְמָת וַאֲמַר סַגִי לִי אַרְכָּא עַד אֵימָתַי אֲנָא מִטְרֵף כְּדֵן כְּעַן יְיָ סַב נַפְשִׁי אֲרֵי לָא טַב אֲנָא מֵאֲבָהָתִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a broom-tree; and he requested for himself that he might die; and said: 'It is enough; now, O LORD, take away my life; for I am not better than my fathers.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.705/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:673`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 19:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.3/) - next →: [1 Kings 19:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/19/)