--- title: 1 Kings 2:28 — And the tidings came to Joab; for Joab had turned after Adonijah, th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the tidings came to Joab; for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the Tent of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. Who acts: tidings, Joab. 1 Kings 2:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/2/) / 2:28 # 1 Kings 2:28 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** tidings, Joab · **What happens:** come, turn, not turn, flee, catch · **To what, where:** Joab, hold, horns This is 1 Kings 2:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tidings, Joab — and what happens in the verse to Joab, hold, horns, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ בָּ֣אָה עַד־יוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֣י יוֹאָ֗ב נָטָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֲדֹנִיָּ֔ה וְאַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם לֹ֣א נָטָ֑ה וַיָּ֤נָס יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ [And the tidings came to Joab; for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.87/) [And Joab fled unto the Tent of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.88/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:80 # text = וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ בָּ֣אָה עַד־יוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֣י יוֹאָ֗ב נָטָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֲדֹנִיָּ֔ה וְאַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם לֹ֣א נָטָ֑ה וַיָּ֤נָס יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ # verse = 1KI.2.28 1-3 וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:28!1|MId=o110020280011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_2:28!1|MId=o110020280012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 שְּׁמֻעָה֙ שְׁמוּעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=report|Ref=1KI_2:28!1|MId=o110020280013|Strong=8052 4 בָּ֣אָה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.came|Ref=1KI_2:28!2|MId=o110020280021|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:110020280013;|Type=qatal 5 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_2:28!3|MId=o110020280031|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 6 יוֹאָ֔ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=1KI_2:28!4|MId=o110020280041|Strong=3097 7 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_2:28!5|MId=o110020280051|Strong=3588 8 יוֹאָ֗ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=1KI_2:28!6|MId=o110020280061|Strong=3097 9 נָטָה֙ נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.turned.aside|Ref=1KI_2:28!7|MId=o110020280071|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:110020280061;|Type=qatal 10 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1KI_2:28!8|MId=o110020280081|Strong=0310 11 אֲדֹנִיָּ֔ה אֲדֹנִיָּה PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Adonijah|Ref=1KI_2:28!9|MId=o110020280091|Strong=0138 12-13 וְאַחֲרֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:28!10|MId=o110020280101|Strong=2050b 13 אַחֲרֵ֥י אַחַר ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1KI_2:28!10|MId=o110020280102|Strong=0310 14 אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=1KI_2:28!11|MId=o110020280111|Strong=0053 15 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_2:28!12|MId=o110020280121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 נָטָ֑ה נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=he.had.turned.aside|Ref=1KI_2:28!13|MId=o110020280131|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:110020280061;|Type=qatal 17-18 וַיָּ֤נָס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:28!14|MId=o110020280141|Strong=2050b 18 יָּ֤נָס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.fled|Ref=1KI_2:28!14|MId=o110020280142|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:110020280151;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 יוֹאָב֙ יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=1KI_2:28!15|MId=o110020280151|Strong=3097 20 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_2:28!16|MId=o110020280161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 21 אֹ֣הֶל אֹהֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.tent|Ref=1KI_2:28!17|MId=o110020280171|Strong=0168 22 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1KI_2:28!18|MId=o110020280181|Strong=3068 23-24 וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:28!19|MId=o110020280191|Strong=2050b 24 יַּחֲזֵ֖ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.took.hold|Ref=1KI_2:28!19|MId=o110020280192|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:110020280151;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_2:28!20|MId=o110020280201|Strong=0871a 26 קַרְנ֥וֹת קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=the.horns|Ref=1KI_2:28!20|MId=o110020280202|Strong=7161 27-28 הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1KI_2:28!21|MId=o110020280211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 מִּזְבֵּֽחַ מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.altar|Ref=1KI_2:28!21|MId=o110020280212|Strong=4196 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1KI_2:28!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָּאָה *it came* | qatal · qal | שְּׁמֻעָה *report* | | | | | נָטָה *he had turned aside* | qatal · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | **not** נָטָה *he had turned aside* | qatal · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | יָּנָס *he fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | יַּחֲזֵק *he took hold* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְסוֹרָתָא מְטַת עַד יוֹאָב אֲרֵי יוֹאָב אִתְפְּנִי בָּתַר אֲדוֹנִיָה וּבָתַר אַבְשָׁלוֹם לָא אִתְפְּנִי וְאַפִּיךְ יוֹאָב לְמַשְׁכְּנָא דַייָ וְאַתְקֵיף בְּקַרְנַת מַדְבְּחָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the tidings came to Joab; for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.87/) 2. [And Joab fled unto the Tent of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.88/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:80`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 2:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.27/) - next →: [1 Kings 2:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.29/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/2/)