--- title: 1 Kings 2:32 — And the LORD will return his blood upon his own head, because he fel… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD will return his blood upon his own head, because he fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, and my father David knew it not: Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah. Who act --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.32/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/2/) / 2:32 # 1 Kings 2:32 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** LORD, father · **What happens:** return, fall, slay, not know · **To what, where:** blood, fathers This is 1 Kings 2:32 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, father — and what happens in the verse to blood, fathers, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהֵשִׁיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־דָּמ֜וֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּגַ֣ע בִּשְׁנֵֽי־אֲ֠נָשִׁים צַדִּקִ֨ים וְטֹבִ֤ים מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וַיַּהַרְגֵ֣ם בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאָבִ֥י דָוִ֖ד לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֥א בֶן־יֶ֖תֶר שַׂר־צְבָ֥א יְהוּדָֽה׃ [And the LORD will return his blood upon his own head, because he fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, and my father David knew it not: Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.92/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:84 # text = וְהֵשִׁיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־דָּמ֜וֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּגַ֣ע בִּשְׁנֵֽי־אֲ֠נָשִׁים צַדִּקִ֨ים וְטֹבִ֤ים מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וַיַּהַרְגֵ֣ם בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאָבִ֥י דָוִ֖ד לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֥א בֶן־יֶ֖תֶר שַׂר־צְבָ֥א יְהוּדָֽה׃ # verse = 1KI.2.32 1-2 וְהֵשִׁיב֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:32!1|MId=o110020320011|Strong=2050b 2 הֵשִׁיב֩ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.bring.back|Ref=1KI_2:32!1|MId=o110020320012|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:110020320021;A0:110020320041;|Type=weqatal 3 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1KI_2:32!2|MId=o110020320021|Strong=3068 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_2:32!3|MId=o110020320031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 דָּמ֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 דָּמ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=1KI_2:32!4|MId=o110020320041|Strong=1818 6 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_2:32!4|MId=o110020320042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_2:32!5|MId=o110020320051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 רֹאשׁ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=head|Ref=1KI_2:32!6|MId=o110020320061|Strong=7218 9 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_2:32!6|MId=o110020320062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1KI_2:32!7|MId=o110020320071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 פָּגַ֣ע פָּגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1KI_2:32!8|MId=o110020320081|Strong=6293|Frame=A0:110020310151;|Type=qatal 12-13 בִּשְׁנֵֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_2:32!9|MId=o110020320091|Strong=0871a 13 שְׁנֵֽי־ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 14 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=1KI_2:32!9|MId=o110020320092|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 14 אֲ֠נָשִׁים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=1KI_2:32!10|MId=o110020320101|Strong=0376 15 צַדִּקִ֨ים צַדִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 amod _ Gloss=righteous|Ref=1KI_2:32!11|MId=o110020320111|Strong=6662|Type=adjective 16-17 וְטֹבִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:32!12|MId=o110020320121|Strong=2050b 17 טֹבִ֤ים טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=1KI_2:32!12|MId=o110020320122|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 18-19 מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=1KI_2:32!13|MId=o110020320131|Strong=4480 19 ֶ֙נּוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod _ Gloss=than.him|Ref=1KI_2:32!13|MId=o110020320132|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 20-22 וַיַּהַרְגֵ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:32!14|MId=o110020320141|Strong=2050b 21 יַּהַרְג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_2:32!14|MId=o110020320142|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:110020310151;A1:110020320143;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 ֵ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=killed.them|Ref=1KI_2:32!14|MId=o110020320143|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-25 בַּחֶ֔רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1KI_2:32!15|MId=o110020320151|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_2:32!15|MId=o110020320151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1KI_2:32!15|MId=o110020320152|Strong=2719 26-28 וְאָבִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:32!16|MId=o110020320161|Strong=2050b 27 אָב אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=1KI_2:32!16|MId=o110020320162|Strong=0001 28 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_2:32!16|MId=o110020320163|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 27 appos _ Gloss=David|Ref=1KI_2:32!17|MId=o110020320171|Strong=1732 30 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_2:32!18|MId=o110020320181|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 יָדָ֑ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he.knew|Ref=1KI_2:32!19|MId=o110020320191|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:110020320162;|Type=qatal 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_2:32!20|MId=o110020320201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33 אַבְנֵ֤ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 22 appos _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=1KI_2:32!21|MId=o110020320211|Strong=0074 34 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1KI_2:32!22|MId=o110020320221|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 35 נֵר֙ נֵר PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ner|Ref=1KI_2:32!23|MId=o110020320231|Strong=5369 36 שַׂר־ שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 appos _ Gloss=the.commander|Ref=1KI_2:32!24|MId=o110020320241|Strong=8269|SpaceAfter=No 37 צְבָ֣א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.army|Ref=1KI_2:32!25|MId=o110020320251|Strong=6635 38 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_2:32!26|MId=o110020320261|Strong=3478 39-40 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:32!27|MId=o110020320271|Strong=2050b 40 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_2:32!27|MId=o110020320272|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 41 עֲמָשָׂ֥א עֲמָשָׂא PROPN _ _ 33 conj _ Gloss=Amasa|Ref=1KI_2:32!28|MId=o110020320281|Strong=6021 42 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1KI_2:32!29|MId=o110020320291|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 43 יֶ֖תֶר יֶתֶר PROPN _ _ 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jether|Ref=1KI_2:32!30|MId=o110020320301|Strong=3500 44 שַׂר־ שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 appos _ Gloss=the.commander|Ref=1KI_2:32!31|MId=o110020320311|Strong=8269|SpaceAfter=No 45 צְבָ֥א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.army|Ref=1KI_2:32!32|MId=o110020320321|Strong=6635 46 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 45 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=1KI_2:32!33|MId=o110020320331|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=1KI_2:32!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵשִׁיב *he will bring back* | weqatal · hiphil | דָּמ *blood* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | פָּגַע *he fell* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יַּהַרְג *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ֵם *killed them* | | | | **not** יָדָע *he knew* | qatal · qal | אָב *father* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיָתֵיב יְיָ יַת חוֹבַת קְטוֹלֵיהּ בְּרֵישֵׁיהּ דִשְׁלַט בִּתְרֵין גַבְרַיָא דְזַכָּאִין וְטָבִין מִנֵיהּ וְקַטְלִינוּן בְּחַרְבָּא וְאַבָּא דָוִד לָא יְדַע יַת אַבְנֵר בַּר נֵר רַב חֵילָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְיַת עֲמָשָׂא בַר יֶתֶר רַב חֵילָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD will return his blood upon his own head, because he fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, and my father David knew it not: Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.92/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:84`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 2:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.31/) - next →: [1 Kings 2:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.33/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/2/)