--- title: 1 Kings 2:5 — Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/2/) / 2:5 # 1 Kings 2:5 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** thou, Joab, girdle, shoes · **What happens:** know, do, slay, shed, put, be · **To what, where:** son, blood, peace, girdle, feet · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 2:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, Joab, girdle, shoes — and what happens in the verse to son, blood, peace, girdle, feet, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְגַ֣ם אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֨שָׂה לִ֜י יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֣י צִבְא֣וֹת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לְאַבְנֵ֨ר בֶּן־נֵ֜ר וְלַעֲמָשָׂ֤א בֶן־יֶ֙תֶר֙ וַיַּ֣הַרְגֵ֔ם וַיָּ֥שֶׂם דְּמֵֽי־מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֞ן דְּמֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֗ה בַּחֲגֹֽרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמָתְנָ֔יו וּֽבְנַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃ [Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.62/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:57 # text = וְגַ֣ם אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֨שָׂה לִ֜י יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֣י צִבְא֣וֹת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לְאַבְנֵ֨ר בֶּן־נֵ֜ר וְלַעֲמָשָׂ֤א בֶן־יֶ֙תֶר֙ וַיַּ֣הַרְגֵ֔ם וַיָּ֥שֶׂם דְּמֵֽי־מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֞ן דְּמֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֗ה בַּחֲגֹֽרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמָתְנָ֔יו וּֽבְנַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃ # verse = 1KI.2.5 1-2 וְגַ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:5!1|MId=o110020050011|Strong=2050b 2 גַ֣ם גַּם ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1KI_2:5!1|MId=o110020050012|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 3 אַתָּ֣ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1KI_2:5!2|MId=o110020050021|Strong=0859|Type=personal 4 יָדַ֡עְתָּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.know|Ref=1KI_2:5!3|MId=o110020050031|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:110020050021;A1:110020050061;|Type=qatal 5 אֵת֩ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_2:5!4|MId=o110020050041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 6 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=1KI_2:5!5|MId=o110020050051|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 7 עָ֨שָׂה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 obj _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=1KI_2:5!6|MId=o110020050061|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110020050081;|Type=qatal 8-9 לִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ל לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_2:5!7|MId=o110020050071|Strong=3807a 9 ִ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1KI_2:5!7|MId=o110020050072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10 יוֹאָ֣ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=1KI_2:5!8|MId=o110020050081|Strong=3097 11 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1KI_2:5!9|MId=o110020050091|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 12 צְרוּיָ֗ה צְרוּיָה PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zeruiah|Ref=1KI_2:5!10|MId=o110020050101|Strong=6870 13 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=1KI_2:5!11|MId=o110020050111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 14 עָשָׂ֣ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=1KI_2:5!12|MId=o110020050121|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110020050081;|Type=qatal 15-16 לִשְׁנֵֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_2:5!13|MId=o110020050131|Strong=3807a 16 שְׁנֵֽי־ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 17 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=1KI_2:5!13|MId=o110020050132|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 17 שָׂרֵ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=1KI_2:5!14|MId=o110020050141|Strong=8269 18 צִבְא֣וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.armies|Ref=1KI_2:5!15|MId=o110020050151|Strong=6635 19 יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_2:5!16|MId=o110020050161|Strong=3478 20-21 לְאַבְנֵ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_2:5!17|MId=o110020050171|Strong=3807a 21 אַבְנֵ֨ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 17 nmod _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=1KI_2:5!17|MId=o110020050172|Strong=0074 22 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1KI_2:5!18|MId=o110020050181|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 23 נֵ֜ר נֵר PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ner|Ref=1KI_2:5!19|MId=o110020050191|Strong=5369 24-26 וְלַעֲמָשָׂ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:5!20|MId=o110020050201|Strong=2050b 25 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_2:5!20|MId=o110020050202|Strong=3807a 26 עֲמָשָׂ֤א עֲמָשָׂא PROPN _ _ 21 conj _ Gloss=Amasa|Ref=1KI_2:5!20|MId=o110020050203|Strong=6021 27 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1KI_2:5!21|MId=o110020050211|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 28 יֶ֙תֶר֙ יֶתֶר PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jether|Ref=1KI_2:5!22|MId=o110020050221|Strong=3500 29-31 וַיַּ֣הַרְגֵ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:5!23|MId=o110020050231|Strong=2050b 30 יַּ֣הַרְג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_2:5!23|MId=o110020050232|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:110020050081;A1:110020050233;|Type=wayyiqtol 31 ֵ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=killed.them|Ref=1KI_2:5!23|MId=o110020050233|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32-33 וַיָּ֥שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:5!24|MId=o110020050241|Strong=2050b 33 יָּ֥שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=1KI_2:5!24|MId=o110020050242|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:110020050081;A1:110020050251;|Type=wayyiqtol 34 דְּמֵֽי־ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 obj _ Gloss=blood(s)|Ref=1KI_2:5!25|MId=o110020050251|Strong=1818|SpaceAfter=No 35 מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.war|Ref=1KI_2:5!26|MId=o110020050261|Strong=4421 36-37 בְּשָׁלֹ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_2:5!27|MId=o110020050271|Strong=0871a 37 שָׁלֹ֑ם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=peace|Ref=1KI_2:5!27|MId=o110020050272|Strong=7965 38-39 וַיִּתֵּ֞ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:5!28|MId=o110020050281|Strong=2050b 39 יִּתֵּ֞ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=1KI_2:5!28|MId=o110020050282|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:110020050081;A1:110020050291;|Type=wayyiqtol 40 דְּמֵ֣י דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 39 obj _ Gloss=blood(s)|Ref=1KI_2:5!29|MId=o110020050291|Strong=1818 41 מִלְחָמָ֗ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.war|Ref=1KI_2:5!30|MId=o110020050301|Strong=4421 42-44 בַּחֲגֹֽרָתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_2:5!31|MId=o110020050311|Strong=0871a 43 חֲגֹֽרָת חֲגוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=belt|Ref=1KI_2:5!31|MId=o110020050312|Strong=2290a 44 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_2:5!31|MId=o110020050313|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 45 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 47 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_2:5!32|MId=o110020050321|Strong=0834|Type=relative 46-48 בְּמָתְנָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=[was].on|Ref=1KI_2:5!33|MId=o110020050331|Strong=0871a 47 מָתְנָ֔י מׇתְנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 43 acl:relcl _ Gloss=loins|Ref=1KI_2:5!33|MId=o110020050332|Strong=4975 48 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_2:5!33|MId=o110020050333|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 49-52 וּֽבְנַעֲל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 51 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_2:5!34|MId=o110020050341|Strong=2050b 50 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 51 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_2:5!34|MId=o110020050342|Strong=0871a 51 נַעֲל נַעַל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 conj _ Gloss=sandal[s]|Ref=1KI_2:5!34|MId=o110020050343|Strong=5275 52 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_2:5!34|MId=o110020050344|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 53 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 55 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_2:5!35|MId=o110020050351|Strong=0834|Type=relative 54-56 בְּרַגְלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 55 case _ Gloss=[was].on|Ref=1KI_2:5!36|MId=o110020050361|Strong=0871a 55 רַגְלָֽי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 51 acl:relcl _ Gloss=feet|Ref=1KI_2:5!36|MId=o110020050362|Strong=7272 56 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_2:5!36|MId=o110020050363|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 57 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 56 punct _ Ref=1KI_2:5!36 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָדַעְתָּ *you know* | qatal · qal | אַתָּה *you* | עָשָׂה *he did* | | | | עָשָׂה *he did* | qatal · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he did* | qatal · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | יַּהַרְג *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | ֵם *killed them* | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he put* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | דְּמֵֽי־ *blood(s)* | | | | יִּתֵּן *he put* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | דְּמֵי *blood(s)* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַף אַתְּ יְדַעְתְּ יַת דַעֲבַד לִי יוֹאָב בַּר צְרוּיָה דַעֲבַד לִתְרֵין רַבָּנֵי חֵילְוָתָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְאַבְנֵר בַּר נֵר וְלַעֲמָשָׂא בַר יֶתֶר דְקַטְלִינוּן בְּעָרְמוּתֵיהּ וּדְמֵי דִי יִתְחַשֵׁב לֵיהּ דְמֵיהוֹן עֲלוֹהִי כְּדַם תְבִירֵי קְרָבָא וִיתֵיב לְהוֹן בִּכְמַנַת שְׁלָמָא וַאֲשַׁד דִמְהוֹן בְּאַסְפְּנִיקֵי דִי בְחַרְצֵיהּ וְדַשׁ בְּטָלָרִיתָא דִי בְרִגְלוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.62/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:57`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.4/) - next →: [1 Kings 2:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.6/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/2/)