--- title: 1 Kings 20:1 — And Ben-hadad the king of Aram gathered all his host together; and t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ben-hadad the king of Aram gathered all his host together; and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses and chariots; and he went up and besieged Samaria, and fought against it. Who acts: Ben hadad, thirty kings, king. 1 Kings 20:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:1 # 1 Kings 20:1 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Ben hadad, thirty kings, king · **What happens:** gather, be, go up, besiege, fight · **To what, where:** host, Samaria This is 1 Kings 20:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ben hadad, thirty kings, king — and what happens in the verse to host, Samaria, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבֶנ־הֲדַ֣דבֶנ־הֲדַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם קָבַץ֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֵיל֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וּשְׁנַ֥יִם מֶ֛לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ וְס֣וּס וָרָ֑כֶב וַיַּ֗עַל וַיָּ֙צַר֙ עַל־שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃ [And Ben-hadad the king of Aram gathered all his host together; and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses and chariots; and he went up and besieged Samaria, and fought against it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.726/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:691 # text = וּבֶנ־הֲדַ֣דבֶנ־הֲדַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם קָבַץ֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֵיל֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וּשְׁנַ֥יִם מֶ֛לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ וְס֣וּס וָרָ֑כֶב וַיַּ֗עַל וַיָּ֙צַר֙ עַל־שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃ # verse = 1KI.20.1 1-3 וּבֶנ־הֲדַ֣דבֶנ־הֲדַ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!1|MId=o110200010011|Strong=2050b 2 בֶנ־הֲדַ֣ד בֶּן־הֲדַד PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Ben|Ref=1KI_20:1!1|MId=o110200010012 3 בֶנ־הֲדַ֣ד בֶּןהֲדַד PROPN _ _ 2 appos _ Gloss=Hadad|Ref=1KI_20:1!2|MId=o110200010021 4 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1KI_20:1!3|MId=o110200010031|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 5 אֲרָ֗ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aram|Ref=1KI_20:1!4|MId=o110200010041|Strong=0758 6 קָבַץ֙ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.gathered|Ref=1KI_20:1!5|MId=o110200010051|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:110200010012;A1:110200010071;110200010101;110200010122;110200010132;|Type=qatal 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_20:1!6|MId=o110200010061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_20:1!7|MId=o110200010071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 חֵיל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 חֵיל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=army|Ref=1KI_20:1!8|MId=o110200010081|Strong=2428 10 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_20:1!8|MId=o110200010082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!9|MId=o110200010091|Strong=2050b 12 שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Number=Plur 15 nummod _ Gloss=thirty|Ref=1KI_20:1!9|MId=o110200010092|Strong=7970|Type=cardinal_number 13-14 וּשְׁנַ֥יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!10|MId=o110200010101|Strong=2050b 14 שְׁנַ֥יִם שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 12 conj _ Gloss=two|Ref=1KI_20:1!10|MId=o110200010102|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 15 מֶ֛לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=king[s]|Ref=1KI_20:1!11|MId=o110200010111|Strong=4428 16-17 אִתּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=[were].with|Ref=1KI_20:1!12|MId=o110200010121|Strong=0854 17 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_20:1!12|MId=o110200010122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְס֣וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!13|MId=o110200010131|Strong=2050b 19 ס֣וּס סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=horse[s]|Ref=1KI_20:1!13|MId=o110200010132|Strong=5483 20-21 וָרָ֑כֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!14|MId=o110200010141|Strong=2050b 21 רָ֑כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=chariotry|Ref=1KI_20:1!14|MId=o110200010142|Strong=7393 22-23 וַיַּ֗עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!15|MId=o110200010151|Strong=2050b 23 יַּ֗עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.went.up|Ref=1KI_20:1!15|MId=o110200010152|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:110200010012;|Type=wayyiqtol 24-25 וַיָּ֙צַר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!16|MId=o110200010161|Strong=2050b 25 יָּ֙צַר֙ צוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.laid.siege|Ref=1KI_20:1!16|MId=o110200010162|Strong=6696|Frame=A0:110200010012;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_20:1!17|MId=o110200010171|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 27 שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן שֹׁמְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Samaria|Ref=1KI_20:1!18|MId=o110200010181|Strong=8111 28-29 וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:1!19|MId=o110200010191|Strong=2050b 29 יִּלָּ֖חֶם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.fought|Ref=1KI_20:1!19|MId=o110200010192|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:110200010012;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-31 בָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1KI_20:1!20|MId=o110200010201|Strong=0871a 31 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=1KI_20:1!20|MId=o110200010202|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָבַץ *he gathered* | qatal · qal | בֶנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | כָּל־ *all* + וּ *and* + וֹ *him* + סוּס *horse\[s\]* | | | | יַּעַל *he went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֶנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | | | | | יָּצַר *he laid siege* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֶנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | | | | | יִּלָּחֶם *he fought* | wayyiqtol · niphal | בֶנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבַר הֲדַד מַלְכָּא דַאֲרָם כְּנַשׁ יַת כָּל מַשִׁרְיָתֵיהּ וּתְלָתִין וּתְרֵין מַלְכִּין עִמֵיהּ וְסוּסְוָן וּרְתִיכִין וּסְלֵיק וְצָר עַל שׁוֹמְרוֹן וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא בָּהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ben-hadad the king of Aram gathered all his host together; and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses and chariots; and he went up and besieged Samaria, and fought against it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.726/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:691`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 19:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.21/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)