--- title: 1 Kings 20:12 — And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was dr… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings, in the booths, that he said unto his servants: 'Set yourselves in array.' And they set themselves in array against the city. Who acts: armour, Ben hadad, hadad, servants. 1 Kings 20:12 in Hebrew with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:12 # 1 Kings 20:12 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** armour, Ben hadad, hadad, servants · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, drink, say, set · **To what, where:** message, yourselves, array, servants · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 20:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — armour, Ben hadad, hadad, servants — and what happens in the verse to message, yourselves, array, servants, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְה֥וּא שֹׁתֶ֛ה ה֥וּא וְהַמְּלָכִ֖ים בַּסֻּכּ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ שִׂ֔ימוּ וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ עַל־הָעִֽיר׃ [And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings, in the booths, that he said unto his servants: 'Set yourselves in array.' And they set themselves in array against the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.737/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:702 # text = וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְה֥וּא שֹׁתֶ֛ה ה֥וּא וְהַמְּלָכִ֖ים בַּסֻּכּ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ שִׂ֔ימוּ וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ עַל־הָעִֽיר׃ # verse = 1KI.20.12 1-2 וַיְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:12!1|MId=o110200120011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֗י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1KI_20:12!1|MId=o110200120012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=1KI_20:12!2|MId=o110200120021|Strong=3509a 4 שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.heard|Ref=1KI_20:12!2|MId=o110200120022|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:110200100031;A1:110200120042;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_20:12!3|MId=o110200120031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַדָּבָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:12!4|MId=o110200120041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 דָּבָ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=word|Ref=1KI_20:12!4|MId=o110200120042|Strong=1697 8-9 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_20:12!5|MId=o110200120051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1KI_20:12!5|MId=o110200120052|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 10-11 וְה֥וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:12!6|MId=o110200120061|Strong=2050b 11 ה֥וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_20:12!6|MId=o110200120062|Strong=1931|Type=personal 12 שֹׁתֶ֛ה שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].drinking|Ref=1KI_20:12!7|MId=o110200120071|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:110200120062;110200120093;|Type=participle_active 13 ה֥וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_20:12!8|MId=o110200120081|Strong=1931|Type=personal 14-16 וְהַמְּלָכִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:12!9|MId=o110200120091|Strong=2050b 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:12!9|MId=o110200120092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מְּלָכִ֖ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=1KI_20:12!9|MId=o110200120093|Strong=4428 17-19 בַּסֻּכּ֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_20:12!10|MId=o110200120101|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:12!10|MId=o110200120101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 סֻּכּ֑וֹת סֻכָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=booths|Ref=1KI_20:12!10|MId=o110200120102|Strong=5521 20-21 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:12!11|MId=o110200120111|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_20:12!11|MId=o110200120112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200100031;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_20:12!12|MId=o110200120121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 עֲבָדָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עֲבָדָי עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1KI_20:12!13|MId=o110200120131|Strong=5650 24 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_20:12!13|MId=o110200120132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 שִׂ֔ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 21 ccomp _ Gloss=set.yourselves|Ref=1KI_20:12!14|MId=o110200120141|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:110200120131;|Type=imperative 26-27 וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:12!15|MId=o110200120151|Strong=2050b 27 יָּשִׂ֖ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.set.themselves|Ref=1KI_20:12!15|MId=o110200120152|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:110200120131;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_20:12!16|MId=o110200120161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הָעִֽיר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:12!17|MId=o110200120171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 עִֽיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=1KI_20:12!17|MId=o110200120172|Strong=5892 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:12!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁמֹעַ *as heard* | infinitive construct · qal | | דָּבָר *word* | | | | שֹׁתֶה *\[was\] drinking* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* + מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שִׂימוּ *set yourselves* | imperative · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | יָּשִׂימוּ *they set themselves* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד שְׁמַע יַת פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין וְהוּא שָׁתֵי הוּא וּמַלְכַיָא בִּמְטָלַיָא וַאֲמַר לְעַבְדוֹהִי אִזְדְרָזוּ וּכְמַנוּ עַל קַרְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings, in the booths, that he said unto his servants: 'Set yourselves in array.' And they set themselves in array against the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.737/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:702`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.11/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)