--- title: 1 Kings 20:18 — And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they are come out for war, take them alive.' Who acts: man. 1 Kings 20:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:18 # 1 Kings 20:18 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** man · **What happens:** say, come out, take · **To what, where:** provinces · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 20:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man — and what happens in the verse to provinces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אִם־לְשָׁל֥וֹם יָצָ֖אוּ תִּפְשׂ֣וּם חַיִּ֑ים וְאִ֧ם לְמִלְחָמָ֛ה יָצָ֖אוּ חַיִּ֥ים תִּפְשֽׂוּם׃ [And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they are come out for war, take them alive.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.744/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:708 # text = וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אִם־לְשָׁל֥וֹם יָצָ֖אוּ תִּפְשׂ֣וּם חַיִּ֑ים וְאִ֧ם לְמִלְחָמָ֛ה יָצָ֖אוּ חַיִּ֥ים תִּפְשֽׂוּם׃ # verse = 1KI.20.18 1-2 וַיֹּ֛אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:18!1|MId=o110200180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֛אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_20:18!1|MId=o110200180012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200170071;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1KI_20:18!2|MId=o110200180021|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 לְשָׁל֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1KI_20:18!3|MId=o110200180031|Strong=3807a 5 שָׁל֥וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=peace|Ref=1KI_20:18!3|MId=o110200180032|Strong=7965 6 יָצָ֖אוּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.come.out|Ref=1KI_20:18!4|MId=o110200180041|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:110200170111;|Type=qatal 7-8 תִּפְשׂ֣וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 תִּפְשׂ֣וּ תָּפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=seize|Ref=1KI_20:18!5|MId=o110200180051|Strong=8610|Frame=A0:;A1:110200180052;|Type=imperative 8 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=1KI_20:18!5|MId=o110200180052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9 חַיִּ֑ים חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 xcomp _ Gloss=alive|Ref=1KI_20:18!6|MId=o110200180061|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 10-11 וְאִ֧ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:18!7|MId=o110200180071|Strong=2050b 11 אִ֧ם אִם SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1KI_20:18!7|MId=o110200180072|Strong=0518 12-13 לְמִלְחָמָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1KI_20:18!8|MId=o110200180081|Strong=3807a 13 מִלְחָמָ֛ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1KI_20:18!8|MId=o110200180082|Strong=4421 14 יָצָ֖אוּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.come.out|Ref=1KI_20:18!9|MId=o110200180091|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:110200170111;|Type=qatal 15 חַיִּ֥ים חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 xcomp _ Gloss=alive|Ref=1KI_20:18!10|MId=o110200180101|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 16-17 תִּפְשֽׂוּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 תִּפְשֽׂוּ תָּפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=seize|Ref=1KI_20:18!11|MId=o110200180111|Strong=8610|Frame=A0:;A1:110200180112;|Type=imperative 17 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=1KI_20:18!11|MId=o110200180112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:18!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָצָאוּ *they have come out* | qatal · qal | | | | | | תִּפְשׂוּ *seize* | imperative · qal | | ם *them* | | | | יָצָאוּ *they have come out* | qatal · qal | | | | | | תִּפְשֽׂוּ *seize* | imperative · qal | | ם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר אִם לִשְׁלָמָא נְפַקוּ אֲחוֹדוּנוּן כַּד חַיִין וְאִם לִקְרָבָא נְפַקוּ כַּד חַיִין אֲחוֹדוּנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they are come out for war, take them alive.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.744/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:708`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.17/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)