--- title: 1 Kings 20:20 — And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel p… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen. Who acts: provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad. 1 Kings 20:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:20 # 1 Kings 20:20 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad · **What happens:** slay, flee, pursue, escape · **To what, where:** one, provinces This is 1 Kings 20:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad — and what happens in the verse to one, provinces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֔וֹ וַיָּנֻ֣סוּ אֲרָ֔ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם עַל־ס֖וּס וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃ [And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.746/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:710 # text = וַיַּכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֔וֹ וַיָּנֻ֣סוּ אֲרָ֔ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם עַל־ס֖וּס וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃ # verse = 1KI.20.20 1-2 וַיַּכּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:20!1|MId=o110200200011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּכּוּ֙ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.struck.down|Ref=1KI_20:20!1|MId=o110200200012|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:110200190051;110200190083;A0:110200200031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=1KI_20:20!2|MId=o110200200021|Strong=0376 4-5 אִישׁ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אִישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1KI_20:20!3|MId=o110200200031|Strong=0376 5 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_20:20!3|MId=o110200200032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6-7 וַיָּנֻ֣סוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:20!4|MId=o110200200041|Strong=2050b 7 יָּנֻ֣סוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=1KI_20:20!4|MId=o110200200042|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:110200200051;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 אֲרָ֔ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1KI_20:20!5|MId=o110200200051|Strong=0758 9-11 וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:20!6|MId=o110200200061|Strong=2050b 10 יִּרְדְּפ רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1KI_20:20!6|MId=o110200200062|Strong=7291|Frame=A1:110200200063;A0:110200200071;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 ֵ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=pursued.them|Ref=1KI_20:20!6|MId=o110200200063|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_20:20!7|MId=o110200200071|Strong=3478 13-14 וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:20!8|MId=o110200200081|Strong=2050b 14 יִּמָּלֵ֗ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.escaped|Ref=1KI_20:20!8|MId=o110200200082|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:110200200091;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙ בֶּן־הֲדַד PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Ben|Ref=1KI_20:20!9|MId=o110200200091 16 בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙ בֶּןהֲדַד PROPN _ _ 15 appos _ Gloss=Hadad|Ref=1KI_20:20!10|MId=o110200200101 17 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1KI_20:20!11|MId=o110200200111|Strong=4428 18 אֲרָ֔ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aram|Ref=1KI_20:20!12|MId=o110200200121|Strong=0758 19 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_20:20!13|MId=o110200200131|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20 ס֖וּס סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=a.horse|Ref=1KI_20:20!14|MId=o110200200141|Strong=5483 21-22 וּפָרָשִֽׁים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:20!15|MId=o110200200151|Strong=2050b 22 פָרָשִֽׁים פָּרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=horsemen|Ref=1KI_20:20!15|MId=o110200200152|Strong=6571 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:20!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּכּוּ *they struck down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יָּנֻסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | | יִּרְדְּפ *it* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | ֵם *pursued them* | | | | יִּמָּלֵט *he escaped* | wayyiqtol · niphal | בֶּנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּקְטָלוּ גְבַר גַבְרוֹהִי וְאַפָּכוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם וְרַדְפוּנוּן יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִשְׁתְּזֵיב בַּר הֲדַד מַלְכָּא דַאֲרָם עַל סוּסְוָן וְעִמֵיהּ תְּרֵין זוֹג פָּרָשִׁין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.746/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:710`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.19/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)