--- title: 1 Kings 20:21 — And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Arameans with a great slaughter. Who acts: king. 1 Kings 20:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:21 # 1 Kings 20:21 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** king · **What happens:** go out, smote, slay · **To what, where:** horses, Arameans This is 1 Kings 20:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king — and what happens in the verse to horses, Arameans, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַסּ֖וּס וְאֶת־הָרָ֑כֶב וְהִכָּ֥ה בַאֲרָ֖ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ [And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Arameans with a great slaughter.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.747/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:711 # text = וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַסּ֖וּס וְאֶת־הָרָ֑כֶב וְהִכָּ֥ה בַאֲרָ֖ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ # verse = 1KI.20.21 1-2 וַיֵּצֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:21!1|MId=o110200210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּצֵא֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=1KI_20:21!1|MId=o110200210012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:110200210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1KI_20:21!2|MId=o110200210021|Strong=4428 4 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_20:21!3|MId=o110200210031|Strong=3478 5-6 וַיַּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:21!4|MId=o110200210041|Strong=2050b 6 יַּ֥ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.struck.down|Ref=1KI_20:21!4|MId=o110200210042|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:110200210021;A0:110200210062;110200210082;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_20:21!5|MId=o110200210051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַסּ֖וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:21!6|MId=o110200210061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 סּ֖וּס סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=horse[s]|Ref=1KI_20:21!6|MId=o110200210062|Strong=5483 10-11 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:21!7|MId=o110200210071|Strong=2050b 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_20:21!7|MId=o110200210072|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 12-13 הָרָ֑כֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:21!8|MId=o110200210081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 רָ֑כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=chariotry|Ref=1KI_20:21!8|MId=o110200210082|Strong=7393 14-15 וְהִכָּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:21!9|MId=o110200210091|Strong=2050b 15 הִכָּ֥ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.defeated|Ref=1KI_20:21!9|MId=o110200210092|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:110200210021;|Type=qatal 16-17 בַאֲרָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=1KI_20:21!10|MId=o110200210101|Strong=0871a 17 אֲרָ֖ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1KI_20:21!10|MId=o110200210102|Strong=0758 18 מַכָּ֥ה מַכָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=a.defeat|Ref=1KI_20:21!11|MId=o110200210111|Strong=4347 19 גְדוֹלָֽה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1KI_20:21!12|MId=o110200210121|Strong=1419|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:21!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | יַּךְ *he struck down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | סּוּס *horse\[s\]* + רָכֶב *chariotry* | | | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | הִכָּה *he defeated* | qatal · hiphil | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְפַק מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמְחָא יַת סוּסְוָתָא וּמַגֵיר יַת רְתִיכַיָא וּמְחָא בֶּאֱנַשׁ אֲרָם מָחָא סַגִיאָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Arameans with a great slaughter.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.747/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:711`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.20/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)