--- title: 1 Kings 20:28 — And a man of God came near and spoke unto the king of Israel, and sa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And a man of God came near and spoke unto the king of Israel, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because the Arameans have said: The LORD is a God of the hills, but he is not a God of the valleys; therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thy hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD.' Wh --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:28 # 1 Kings 20:28 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** man, LORD, Arameans, I, ye · **What happens:** come, speak, say, be, not be, deliver · **To what, where:** God, great multitude, hand, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 20:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, LORD, Arameans, I, ye — and what happens in the verse to God, great multitude, hand, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֹּאמֶר֮ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֠עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמְר֤וּ אֲרָם֙ אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־אֱלֹהֵ֥י עֲמָקִ֖ים ה֑וּא וְ֠נָתַתִּי אֶת־כָּל־הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּ֤דוֹל הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ [And a man of God came near and spoke unto the king of Israel, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because the Arameans have said: The LORD is a God of the hills, but he is not a God of the valleys; therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thy hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.754/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:718 # text = וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֹּאמֶר֮ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֠עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמְר֤וּ אֲרָם֙ אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־אֱלֹהֵ֥י עֲמָקִ֖ים ה֑וּא וְ֠נָתַתִּי אֶת־כָּל־הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּ֤דוֹל הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = 1KI.20.28 1-2 וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:28!1|MId=o110200280011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּגַּ֞שׁ נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.drew.near|Ref=1KI_20:28!1|MId=o110200280012|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:110200280021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=1KI_20:28!2|MId=o110200280021|Strong=0376 4-5 הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1KI_20:28!3|MId=o110200280031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=God|Ref=1KI_20:28!3|MId=o110200280032|Strong=0430 6-7 וַיֹּאמֶר֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:28!4|MId=o110200280041|Strong=2050b 7 יֹּאמֶר֮ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_20:28!4|MId=o110200280042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200280021;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_20:28!5|MId=o110200280051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1KI_20:28!6|MId=o110200280061|Strong=4428 10 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_20:28!7|MId=o110200280071|Strong=3478 11-12 וַיֹּ֜אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:28!8|MId=o110200280081|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּ֜אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_20:28!8|MId=o110200280082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200280021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1KI_20:28!9|MId=o110200280091|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 14 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=1KI_20:28!10|MId=o110200280101|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200280111;|Type=qatal 15 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1KI_20:28!11|MId=o110200280111|Strong=3068 16 יַ֠עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=because|Ref=1KI_20:28!12|MId=o110200280121|Strong=3282 17 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1KI_20:28!13|MId=o110200280131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18 אָמְר֤וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 29 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.said|Ref=1KI_20:28!14|MId=o110200280141|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200280151;A1:110200280161;110200280201;|Type=qatal 19 אֲרָם֙ אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=1KI_20:28!15|MId=o110200280151|Strong=0758 20 אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].a.god|Ref=1KI_20:28!16|MId=o110200280161|Strong=0430 21 הָרִים֙ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.mountains|Ref=1KI_20:28!17|MId=o110200280171|Strong=2022 22 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 20 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1KI_20:28!18|MId=o110200280181|Strong=3068 23-24 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:28!19|MId=o110200280191|Strong=2050b 24 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_20:28!19|MId=o110200280192|Strong=3808|Type=negative 25 אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=[is].a.god|Ref=1KI_20:28!20|MId=o110200280201|Strong=0430 26 עֲמָקִ֖ים עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.valleys|Ref=1KI_20:28!21|MId=o110200280211|Strong=6010 27 ה֑וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_20:28!22|MId=o110200280221|Strong=1931|Type=personal 28-29 וְ֠נָתַתִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:28!23|MId=o110200280231|Strong=2050b 29 נָתַתִּי נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.give|Ref=1KI_20:28!23|MId=o110200280232|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:110200280181;A1:110200280262;|Type=weqatal 30 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_20:28!24|MId=o110200280241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 31 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_20:28!25|MId=o110200280251|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 הֶהָמ֨וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:28!26|MId=o110200280261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 הָמ֨וֹן הָמוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=multitude|Ref=1KI_20:28!26|MId=o110200280262|Strong=1995 34-35 הַגָּ֤דוֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_20:28!27|MId=o110200280271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 גָּ֤דוֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1KI_20:28!27|MId=o110200280272|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 36-37 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_20:28!28|MId=o110200280281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 33 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1KI_20:28!28|MId=o110200280282|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 38-40 בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_20:28!29|MId=o110200280291|Strong=0871a 39 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1KI_20:28!29|MId=o110200280292|Strong=3027 40 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_20:28!29|MId=o110200280293|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 41-42 וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וִֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:28!30|MId=o110200280301|Strong=2050b 42 ידַעְתֶּ֖ם יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 29 conj _ Gloss=you.will.know|Ref=1KI_20:28!30|MId=o110200280302|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:110200280061;110200280071;A1:110200280331;|Type=qatal 43 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 45 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1KI_20:28!31|MId=o110200280311|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 44 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1KI_20:28!32|MId=o110200280321|Strong=0589|Type=personal 45 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 42 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].Yahweh|Ref=1KI_20:28!33|MId=o110200280331|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:28!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּגַּשׁ *he drew near* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | אָמְרוּ *they have said* | qatal · qal | אֲרָם *Aram* | אֱלֹהֵי *\[is\] a god* + אֱלֹהֵי *\[is\] a god* | | | | נָתַתִּי *I will give* | weqatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | הָמוֹן *multitude* | | | | ידַעְתֶּם *you will know* | qatal · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* + יִשְׂרָאֵל *of Israel* | יְהוָֽה *\[am\] Yahweh* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּקְרֵיב נְבִיָא דַייָ וַאֲמַר לְוַת מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ חֲלַף דַאֲמָרוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרַם אֱלָהָא דְשַׁלִיט עַל טוּרַיָא יְיָ וְלָא אֱלָהָא דְשַׁלִיט עַל מֵישְׁרַיָא הוּא וְאֶמְסַר יַת כָּל הֲמוֹנָא רַבָּא הָדֵין בִּידָךְ וְתֵדְעוּן אֲרֵי אֲנָא יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And a man of God came near and spoke unto the king of Israel, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because the Arameans have said: The LORD is a God of the hills, but he is not a God of the valleys; therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thy hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.754/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:718`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.27/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.29/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)