--- title: 1 Kings 20:32 — So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their head… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said: 'Thy servant Ben-hadad saith: I pray thee, let me live.' And he said: 'Is he yet alive? he is my brother.' Who acts: servants, servant, I, me. 1 Kings 20:32 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.32/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:32 # 1 Kings 20:32 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** servants, servant, I, me, king · **What happens:** gird, put, come, say, pray, let · **To what, where:** sackcloth, loins, ropes, heads, thee, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 20:32 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servants, servant, I, me, king — and what happens in the verse to sackcloth, loins, ropes, heads, thee, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ עַבְדְּךָ֧ בֶנ־הֲדַ֛דבֶנ־הֲדַ֛ד אָמַ֖ר תְּחִֽי־נָ֣א נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֛אמֶר הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא׃ [So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said: 'Thy servant Ben-hadad saith: I pray thee, let me live.' And he said: 'Is he yet alive? he is my brother.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.760/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:722 # text = וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ עַבְדְּךָ֧ בֶנ־הֲדַ֛דבֶנ־הֲדַ֛ד אָמַ֖ר תְּחִֽי־נָ֣א נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֛אמֶר הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא׃ # verse = 1KI.20.32 1-2 וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:32!1|MId=o110200320011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּחְגְּרוּ֩ חָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.girded|Ref=1KI_20:32!1|MId=o110200320012|Strong=2296|Frame=A0:110200310031;A1:110200320021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שַׂקִּ֨ים שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=sackcloth(s)|Ref=1KI_20:32!2|MId=o110200320021|Strong=8242 4-6 בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_20:32!3|MId=o110200320031|Strong=0871a 5 מָתְנֵי מׇתְנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 2 obl _ Gloss=loins|Ref=1KI_20:32!3|MId=o110200320032|Strong=4975 6 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1KI_20:32!3|MId=o110200320033|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַחֲבָלִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:32!4|MId=o110200320041|Strong=2050b 8 חֲבָלִ֣ים חֶבֶל NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=ropes|Ref=1KI_20:32!4|MId=o110200320042|Strong=2256 9-11 בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_20:32!5|MId=o110200320051|Strong=0871a 10 רָאשֵׁי רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=heads|Ref=1KI_20:32!5|MId=o110200320052|Strong=7218 11 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1KI_20:32!5|MId=o110200320053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-13 וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:32!6|MId=o110200320061|Strong=2050b 13 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=1KI_20:32!6|MId=o110200320062|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:110200310031;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_20:32!7|MId=o110200320071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 15 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1KI_20:32!8|MId=o110200320081|Strong=4428 16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_20:32!9|MId=o110200320091|Strong=3478 17-18 וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:32!10|MId=o110200320101|Strong=2050b 18 יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1KI_20:32!10|MId=o110200320102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200310031;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 עַבְדְּךָ֧ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=1KI_20:32!11|MId=o110200320111|Strong=5650 20 ְךָ֧ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_20:32!11|MId=o110200320112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21-22 בֶנ־הֲדַ֛דבֶנ־הֲדַ֛ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בֶנ־הֲדַ֛ד בֶּן־הֲדַד PROPN _ _ 19 appos _ Gloss=Ben|Ref=1KI_20:32!12|MId=o110200320121 22 בֶנ־הֲדַ֛ד בֶּןהֲדַד PROPN _ _ 19 appos _ Gloss=Hadad|Ref=1KI_20:32!13|MId=o110200320131 23 אָמַ֖ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 18 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=1KI_20:32!14|MId=o110200320141|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200320111;|Type=qatal 24 תְּחִֽי־ חָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 ccomp _ Gloss=let.it.live|Ref=1KI_20:32!15|MId=o110200320151|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:110200320161;|Type=jussive|SpaceAfter=No 25 נָ֣א נָא INTJ _ _ 24 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=1KI_20:32!16|MId=o110200320161|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 26-27 נַפְשִׁ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1KI_20:32!17|MId=o110200320171|Strong=5315 27 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_20:32!17|MId=o110200320172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַיֹּ֛אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:32!18|MId=o110200320181|Strong=2050b 29 יֹּ֛אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_20:32!18|MId=o110200320182|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200320081;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-32 הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=[is]|Ref=1KI_20:32!19|MId=o110200320191|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 31 עוֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=1KI_20:32!19|MId=o110200320192|Strong=5750 32 ֶ֥נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ Gloss=he?|Ref=1KI_20:32!19|MId=o110200320193|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 33 חַ֖י חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 ccomp _ Gloss=alive|Ref=1KI_20:32!20|MId=o110200320201|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 34-35 אָחִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אָח אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 parataxis _ Gloss=brother|Ref=1KI_20:32!21|MId=o110200320211|Strong=0251 35 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=1KI_20:32!21|MId=o110200320212|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 36 הֽוּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_20:32!22|MId=o110200320221|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:32!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּחְגְּרוּ *they girded* | wayyiqtol · qal | | שַׂקִּים *sackcloth(s)* | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | | תְּחִֽי־ *let it live* | jussive · qal | נָא *please* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲסָרוּ שַׂקִין בְּחַרְצֵיהוֹן וְאֵטוּנִין בְּרֵישֵׁיהוֹן וַאֲתוֹ לְוַת מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַרוּ עַבְדָךְ בַּר הֲדַד אֲמַר תִּתְקַיָם כְּעַן נַפְשִׁי וַאֲמַר הַעוֹד כְּעַן קַיָם אָחִי הוּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said: 'Thy servant Ben-hadad saith: I pray thee, let me live.' And he said: 'Is he yet alive? he is my brother.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.760/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:722`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.31/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.33/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)