--- title: 1 Kings 20:39 — And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king; and he said: 'Thy… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king; and he said: 'Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said: Keep this man; if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / 20:39 # 1 Kings 20:39 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** king, servant, man, life, thou · **What happens:** pass by, cry, say, go out, turn, bring · **To what, where:** midst, man, talent · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 20:39 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, servant, man, life, thou — and what happens in the verse to midst, man, talent, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עֹבֵ֔ר וְה֖וּא צָעַ֣ק אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר עַבְדְּךָ֣ ׀ יָצָ֣א בְקֶֽרֶב־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְהִנֵּֽה־אִ֨ישׁ סָ֜ר וַיָּבֵ֧א אֵלַ֣י אִ֗ישׁ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שְׁמֹר֙ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה אִם־הִפָּקֵד֙ יִפָּקֵ֔ד וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשְׁךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ א֥וֹ כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף תִּשְׁקֽוֹל׃ [And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king; and he said: 'Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said: Keep this man; if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.767/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:729 # text = וַיְהִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עֹבֵ֔ר וְה֖וּא צָעַ֣ק אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר עַבְדְּךָ֣ ׀ יָצָ֣א בְקֶֽרֶב־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְהִנֵּֽה־אִ֨ישׁ סָ֜ר וַיָּבֵ֧א אֵלַ֣י אִ֗ישׁ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שְׁמֹר֙ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה אִם־הִפָּקֵד֙ יִפָּקֵ֔ד וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשְׁךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ א֥וֹ כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף תִּשְׁקֽוֹל׃ # verse = 1KI.20.39 1-2 וַיְהִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:39!1|MId=o110200390011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֤י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1KI_20:39!1|MId=o110200390012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:39!2|MId=o110200390021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_20:39!2|MId=o110200390022|Strong=4428 5 עֹבֵ֔ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].passing.by|Ref=1KI_20:39!3|MId=o110200390031|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:110200390022;|Type=participle_active 6-7 וְה֖וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:39!4|MId=o110200390041|Strong=2050b 7 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1KI_20:39!4|MId=o110200390042|Strong=1931|Type=personal 8 צָעַ֣ק צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.cried.out|Ref=1KI_20:39!5|MId=o110200390051|Strong=6817|Frame=A0:110200390042;|Type=qatal 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_20:39!6|MId=o110200390061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:39!7|MId=o110200390071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_20:39!7|MId=o110200390072|Strong=4428 12-13 וַיֹּ֜אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:39!8|MId=o110200390081|Strong=2050b 13 יֹּ֜אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_20:39!8|MId=o110200390082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200380022;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 עַבְדְּךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=1KI_20:39!9|MId=o110200390091|Strong=5650 15 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_20:39!9|MId=o110200390092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:39!9 17 יָצָ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 ccomp _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=1KI_20:39!10|MId=o110200390101|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:110200390091;|Type=qatal 18-19 בְקֶֽרֶב־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_20:39!11|MId=o110200390111|Strong=0871a 19 קֶֽרֶב־ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=1KI_20:39!11|MId=o110200390112|Strong=7130 20-21 הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1KI_20:39!12|MId=o110200390121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מִּלְחָמָ֗ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.battle|Ref=1KI_20:39!12|MId=o110200390122|Strong=4421 22-23 וְהִנֵּֽה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:39!13|MId=o110200390131|Strong=2050b 23 הִנֵּֽה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 25 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1KI_20:39!13|MId=o110200390132|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 24 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1KI_20:39!14|MId=o110200390141|Strong=0376 25 סָ֜ר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=he.turned.aside|Ref=1KI_20:39!15|MId=o110200390151|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:110200390141;|Type=qatal 26-27 וַיָּבֵ֧א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:39!16|MId=o110200390161|Strong=2050b 27 יָּבֵ֧א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.brought|Ref=1KI_20:39!16|MId=o110200390162|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:110200390141;A0:110200390181;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 אֵלַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_20:39!17|MId=o110200390171|Strong=0413 29 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1KI_20:39!17|MId=o110200390172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30 אִ֗ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1KI_20:39!18|MId=o110200390181|Strong=0376 31-32 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:39!19|MId=o110200390191|Strong=2050b 32 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_20:39!19|MId=o110200390192|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110200390141;|Type=wayyiqtol 33 שְׁמֹר֙ שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 32 ccomp _ Gloss=guard|Ref=1KI_20:39!20|MId=o110200390201|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:110200390091;A1:110200390222;|Type=imperative 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_20:39!21|MId=o110200390211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הָאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_20:39!22|MId=o110200390221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1KI_20:39!22|MId=o110200390222|Strong=0376 37-38 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_20:39!23|MId=o110200390231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 36 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1KI_20:39!23|MId=o110200390232|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 39 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 41 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1KI_20:39!24|MId=o110200390241|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 40 הִפָּקֵד֙ פָּקַד VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 41 obl:npmod _ Gloss=indeed.(be.missing)|Ref=1KI_20:39!25|MId=o110200390251|Strong=6485|Type=infinitive_absolute 41 יִפָּקֵ֔ד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 46 advcl _ Gloss=he.will.be.missing|Ref=1KI_20:39!26|MId=o110200390261|Strong=6485|Frame=A1:110200390222;|Type=yiqtol 42-43 וְהָיְתָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_20:39!27|MId=o110200390271|Strong=2050b 43 הָיְתָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 46 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=1KI_20:39!27|MId=o110200390272|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110200390281;|Type=qatal 44-45 נַפְשְׁךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1KI_20:39!28|MId=o110200390281|Strong=5315 45 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_20:39!28|MId=o110200390282|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 46 תַּ֣חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 33 parataxis _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=1KI_20:39!29|MId=o110200390291|Strong=8478 47-48 נַפְשׁ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 46 compound:smixut _ Gloss=life|Ref=1KI_20:39!30|MId=o110200390301|Strong=5315 48 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_20:39!30|MId=o110200390302|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 49 א֥וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 52 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=1KI_20:39!31|MId=o110200390311|Strong=0176 50 כִכַּר־ כִּכָּר NOUN _ Number=Sing 52 obj _ Gloss=a.talent|Ref=1KI_20:39!32|MId=o110200390321|Strong=3603|SpaceAfter=No 51 כֶּ֖סֶף כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 50 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.silver|Ref=1KI_20:39!33|MId=o110200390331|Strong=3701 52 תִּשְׁקֽוֹל שָׁקַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 46 conj _ Gloss=you.will.weigh.out|Ref=1KI_20:39!34|MId=o110200390341|Strong=8254|Frame=A0:110200390091;A1:110200390321;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 53 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 52 punct _ Ref=1KI_20:39!34 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֹבֵר *\[was\] passing by* | participle active · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | צָעַק *he cried out* | qatal · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָצָא *he went out* | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | | סָר *he turned aside* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | יָּבֵא *he brought* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אִישׁ *a man* | | | אִישׁ *a man* | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | שְׁמֹר *guard* | imperative · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | אִישׁ *man* | | | | יִפָּקֵד *he will be missing* | yiqtol · niphal | | אִישׁ *man* | | | | הָיְתָה *it will be* | qatal · qal | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | | תִּשְׁקֽוֹל *you will weigh out* | yiqtol · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | כִכַּר־ *a talent* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה מַלְכָּא עֲבַר וְהוּא צָוַח קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וַאֲמַר עַבְדָךְ נָפַק בְּגוֹ קְרָבָא וְהָא גַבְרָא זָר וְאַיְתֵי לִי גַבְרָא וַאֲמַר טַר יַת גַבְרָא הָדֵין אִם מִשְׁגָא יִשְׁגֵי וּתְהִי נַפְשָׁךְ חֲלַף נַפְשֵׁיהּ אוֹ כִכְּרָא דְכַסְפָּא תִּתְקוֹל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king; and he said: 'Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said: Keep this man; if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.767/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:729`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.38/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.40/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/)