--- title: 1 Kings 21:13 — And the two men, the base fellows, came in and sat before him; and t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the two men, the base fellows, came in and sat before him; and the base fellows bore witness against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying: 'Naboth did curse God and the king.' Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died. Who ac --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/21/) / 21:13 # 1 Kings 21:13 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** two men, base fellows, Naboth, men · **What happens:** come in, sit, bear, say, curse, carry · **To what, where:** witness, presence, God, Naboth, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 21:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — two men, base fellows, Naboth, men — and what happens in the verse to witness, presence, God, Naboth, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַבְּלִיַּ֜עַל אֶת־נָב֗וֹת נֶ֤גֶד הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥ךְ נָב֛וֹת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּצִאֻ֙הוּ֙ מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר וַיִּסְקְלֻ֥הוּ בָאֲבָנִ֖ים וַיָּמֹֽת׃ [And the two men, the base fellows, came in and sat before him; and the base fellows bore witness against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying: 'Naboth did curse God and the king.' Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.785/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:746 # text = וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַבְּלִיַּ֜עַל אֶת־נָב֗וֹת נֶ֤גֶד הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥ךְ נָב֛וֹת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּצִאֻ֙הוּ֙ מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר וַיִּסְקְלֻ֥הוּ בָאֲבָנִ֖ים וַיָּמֹֽת׃ # verse = 1KI.21.13 1-2 וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:13!1|MId=o110210130011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=1KI_21:13!1|MId=o110210130012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:110210130032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁנֵ֨י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 5 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=1KI_21:13!2|MId=o110210130021|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 4-5 הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_21:13!3|MId=o110210130031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֲנָשִׁ֥ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1KI_21:13!3|MId=o110210130032|Strong=0376 6 בְּנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 appos _ Gloss=sons|Ref=1KI_21:13!4|MId=o110210130041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 בְלִיַּעַל֮ בְּלִיַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.worthlessness|Ref=1KI_21:13!5|MId=o110210130051|Strong=1100 8-9 וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:13!6|MId=o110210130061|Strong=2050b 9 יֵּשְׁב֣וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.sat|Ref=1KI_21:13!6|MId=o110210130062|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:110210130032;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 נֶגְדּוֹ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 נֶגְדּ נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1KI_21:13!7|MId=o110210130071|Strong=5048 11 וֹ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_21:13!7|MId=o110210130072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-14 וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:13!8|MId=o110210130081|Strong=2050b 13 יְעִדֻ עוּד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1KI_21:13!8|MId=o110210130082|Strong=5749a|Frame=A0:110210130083;AA:110210130091;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 הוּ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=testified.against.him|Ref=1KI_21:13!8|MId=o110210130083|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 15 אַנְשֵׁ֨י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=1KI_21:13!9|MId=o110210130091|Strong=0376 16-17 הַבְּלִיַּ֜עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1KI_21:13!10|MId=o110210130101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 בְּלִיַּ֜עַל בְּלִיַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=worthlessness|Ref=1KI_21:13!10|MId=o110210130102|Strong=1100 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_21:13!11|MId=o110210130111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19 נָב֗וֹת נָבוֹת PROPN _ _ 14 appos _ Gloss=Naboth|Ref=1KI_21:13!12|MId=o110210130121|Strong=5022 20 נֶ֤גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1KI_21:13!13|MId=o110210130131|Strong=5048 21-22 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_21:13!14|MId=o110210130141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=1KI_21:13!14|MId=o110210130142|Strong=5971 23-24 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 25 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1KI_21:13!15|MId=o110210130151|Strong=3807a 24 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_21:13!15|MId=o110210130152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110210130091;|Type=infinitive_construct 25 בֵּרַ֥ךְ בָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.blessed|Ref=1KI_21:13!16|MId=o110210130161|Strong=1288|Frame=A0:110210130171;A1:110210130181;110210130192;|Type=qatal 26 נָב֛וֹת נָבוֹת PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Naboth|Ref=1KI_21:13!17|MId=o110210130171|Strong=5022 27 אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 obj _ Gloss=God|Ref=1KI_21:13!18|MId=o110210130181|Strong=0430 28-29 וָמֶ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=1KI_21:13!19|MId=o110210130191|Strong=2050b 29 מֶ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_21:13!19|MId=o110210130192|Strong=4428 30-32 וַיֹּצִאֻ֙הוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:13!20|MId=o110210130201|Strong=2050b 31 יֹּצִאֻ֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1KI_21:13!20|MId=o110210130202|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:110210130142;A0:110210130203;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 הוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=took.him.out|Ref=1KI_21:13!20|MId=o110210130203|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 33-34 מִח֣וּץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=1KI_21:13!21|MId=o110210130211|Strong=4480 34 ח֣וּץ חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=outside|Ref=1KI_21:13!21|MId=o110210130212|Strong=2351 35-37 לָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1KI_21:13!22|MId=o110210130221|Strong=3807a 36 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_21:13!22|MId=o110210130221ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 nmod _ Gloss=city|Ref=1KI_21:13!22|MId=o110210130222|Strong=5892 38-40 וַיִּסְקְלֻ֥הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:13!23|MId=o110210130231|Strong=2050b 39 יִּסְקְלֻ֥ סָקַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1KI_21:13!23|MId=o110210130232|Strong=5619|Frame=A0:110210130142;A1:110210130233;|Type=wayyiqtol 40 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ Gloss=stoned.him|Ref=1KI_21:13!23|MId=o110210130233|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 41-43 בָאֲבָנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1KI_21:13!24|MId=o110210130241|Strong=0871a 42 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_21:13!24|MId=o110210130241ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 אֲבָנִ֖ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 39 obl _ Gloss=stones|Ref=1KI_21:13!24|MId=o110210130242|Strong=0068 44-45 וַיָּמֹֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:13!25|MId=o110210130251|Strong=2050b 45 יָּמֹֽת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=1KI_21:13!25|MId=o110210130252|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:110210130121;|Type=wayyiqtol 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=1KI_21:13!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יֵּשְׁבוּ *they sat* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יְעִדֻ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | הוּ *testified against him* | | | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | בֵּרַךְ *he has blessed* | qatal · piel | נָבוֹת *Naboth* | אֱלֹהִים *God* + מֶלֶךְ *king* | | | | יֹּצִאֻ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | הוּ *took him out* | | | עָם *people* | | יִּסְקְלֻ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | הוּ *stoned him* | | | | יָּמֹֽת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָבוֹת *Naboth* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתוֹ תְּרֵין גַבְרִין בְּנֵי רִשְׁעָא וִיתִיבוּ לְקִבְלֵיהּ וְאַסְהִידוּ גַבְרֵי רִשְׁעָא יַת נָבוֹת קֳדָם עַמָא לְמֵימַר גַדִיף נָבוֹת קֳדָם יְיָ וּמַלְכָּא לָט וְאַפְקוֹהִי מִבָּרָא לְקַרְתָּא וְרַגְמוֹהִי בְּאַבְנַיָא וּמִית: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the two men, the base fellows, came in and sat before him; and the base fellows bore witness against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying: 'Naboth did curse God and the king.' Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.785/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:746`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 21:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.12/) - next →: [1 Kings 21:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.14/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/21/)