--- title: 1 Kings 21:27 — And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his c… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softy. Who acts: child, Ahab. 1 Kings 21:27 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/21/) / 21:27 # 1 Kings 21:27 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** child, Ahab · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, rent, put, fast · **To what, where:** words, clothes, sackcloth, flesh This is 1 Kings 21:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — child, Ahab — and what happens in the verse to words, clothes, sackcloth, flesh, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אַחְאָ֜ב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיָּֽשֶׂם־שַׂ֥ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וַיָּצ֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיְהַלֵּ֖ךְ אַֽט׃ס [And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.799/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:760 # text = וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אַחְאָ֜ב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיָּֽשֶׂם־שַׂ֥ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וַיָּצ֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיְהַלֵּ֖ךְ אַֽט׃ס # verse = 1KI.21.27 1-2 וַיְהִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:27!1|MId=o110210270011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי֩ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1KI_21:27!1|MId=o110210270012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כִ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=1KI_21:27!2|MId=o110210270021|Strong=3509a 4 שְׁמֹ֨עַ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.heard|Ref=1KI_21:27!2|MId=o110210270022|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:110210270031;A1:110210270052;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 אַחְאָ֜ב אַחְאָב PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahab|Ref=1KI_21:27!3|MId=o110210270031|Strong=0256 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_21:27!4|MId=o110210270041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַדְּבָרִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_21:27!5|MId=o110210270051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 דְּבָרִ֤ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=1KI_21:27!5|MId=o110210270052|Strong=1697 9-10 הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_21:27!6|MId=o110210270061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 8 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1KI_21:27!6|MId=o110210270062|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 11-12 וַיִּקְרַ֣ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:27!7|MId=o110210270071|Strong=2050b 12 יִּקְרַ֣ע קָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.tore|Ref=1KI_21:27!7|MId=o110210270072|Strong=7167|Frame=A0:110210270031;A1:110210270081;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 בְּגָדָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּגָדָ֔י בֶּגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=clothes|Ref=1KI_21:27!8|MId=o110210270081|Strong=0899 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_21:27!8|MId=o110210270082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וַיָּֽשֶׂם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:27!9|MId=o110210270091|Strong=2050b 16 יָּֽשֶׂם־ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=1KI_21:27!9|MId=o110210270092|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:110210270031;A1:110210270101;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 שַׂ֥ק שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=sackcloth|Ref=1KI_21:27!10|MId=o110210270101|Strong=8242 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_21:27!11|MId=o110210270111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 בְּשָׂר֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּשָׂר בָּשָׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=body|Ref=1KI_21:27!12|MId=o110210270121|Strong=1320 20 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_21:27!12|MId=o110210270122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 וַיָּצ֑וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:27!13|MId=o110210270131|Strong=2050b 22 יָּצ֑וֹם צוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fasted|Ref=1KI_21:27!13|MId=o110210270132|Strong=6684|Frame=A0:110210270031;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:27!14|MId=o110210270141|Strong=2050b 24 יִּשְׁכַּ֣ב שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.lay.down|Ref=1KI_21:27!14|MId=o110210270142|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:110210270031;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-27 בַּשָּׂ֔ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_21:27!15|MId=o110210270151|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_21:27!15|MId=o110210270151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 שָּׂ֔ק שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=sackcloth|Ref=1KI_21:27!15|MId=o110210270152|Strong=8242 28-29 וַיְהַלֵּ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:27!16|MId=o110210270161|Strong=2050b 29 יְהַלֵּ֖ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.about|Ref=1KI_21:27!16|MId=o110210270162|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:110210270031;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 אַֽט אַט ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=gentleness|Ref=1KI_21:27!17|MId=o110210270171|Strong=0328|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1KI_21:27!17|SpaceAfter=No 32 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1KI_21:27!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁמֹעַ *as heard* | infinitive construct · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | דְּבָרִים *words* | | | | יִּקְרַע *he tore* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | בְּגָדָי *clothes* | | | | יָּֽשֶׂם־ *he put* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | שַׂק *sackcloth* | | | | יָּצוֹם *he fasted* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | | יִּשְׁכַּב *he lay down* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | | יְהַלֵּךְ *he went about* | wayyiqtol · piel | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוַה כַד שְׁמַע אַחְאָב יַת פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין וּבְזַע יַת לְבוּשׁוֹהִי וַאֲסַר סַקָא עַל בִּסְרֵיהּ וְצָם וּשְׁכִיב בְּסַקָא וְהַלִיךְ יָחֵיף: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.799/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:760`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 21:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.26/) - next →: [1 Kings 21:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.28/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/21/)