--- title: 1 Kings 21:4 — And Ahab came into his house sullen and displeased because of the wo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ahab came into his house sullen and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him; for he had said: 'I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers.' And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread. Who acts: Ahab, Naboth, I. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/21/) / 21:4 # 1 Kings 21:4 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Ahab, Naboth, I · **What happens:** come, speak, say, not give, lay down, turn away · **To what, where:** house, word, Ahab, inheritance, thee, bed · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 21:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahab, Naboth, I — and what happens in the verse to house, word, Ahab, inheritance, thee, bed, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹא֩ אַחְאָ֨ב אֶל־בֵּית֜וֹ סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֗ף עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו נָבוֹת֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֣ת אֲבוֹתָ֑י וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ עַל־מִטָּת֔וֹ וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו וְלֹֽא־אָ֥כַל לָֽחֶם׃ [And Ahab came into his house sullen and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him; for he had said: 'I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers.' And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.775/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:737 # text = וַיָּבֹא֩ אַחְאָ֨ב אֶל־בֵּית֜וֹ סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֗ף עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו נָבוֹת֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֣ת אֲבוֹתָ֑י וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ עַל־מִטָּת֔וֹ וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו וְלֹֽא־אָ֥כַל לָֽחֶם׃ # verse = 1KI.21.4 1-2 וַיָּבֹא֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:4!1|MId=o110210040011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹא֩ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1KI_21:4!1|MId=o110210040012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:110210040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַחְאָ֨ב אַחְאָב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahab|Ref=1KI_21:4!2|MId=o110210040021|Strong=0256 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_21:4!3|MId=o110210040031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 בֵּית֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=1KI_21:4!4|MId=o110210040041|Strong=1004 6 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_21:4!4|MId=o110210040042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 סַ֣ר סַר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 advmod _ Gloss=sullen|Ref=1KI_21:4!5|MId=o110210040051|Strong=5620|Type=adjective 8-9 וְזָעֵ֗ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:4!6|MId=o110210040061|Strong=2050b 9 זָעֵ֗ף זָעֵף ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 amod _ Gloss=furious|Ref=1KI_21:4!6|MId=o110210040062|Strong=2198|Type=adjective 10 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_21:4!7|MId=o110210040071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַדָּבָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_21:4!8|MId=o110210040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 דָּבָר֙ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=word|Ref=1KI_21:4!8|MId=o110210040082|Strong=1697 13 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_21:4!9|MId=o110210040091|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 14 דִּבֶּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.spoken|Ref=1KI_21:4!10|MId=o110210040101|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:110210040121;A1:110210040082;|Type=qatal 15-16 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_21:4!11|MId=o110210040111|Strong=0413 16 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_21:4!11|MId=o110210040112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 נָבוֹת֙ נָבוֹת PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Naboth|Ref=1KI_21:4!12|MId=o110210040121|Strong=5022 18-19 הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_21:4!13|MId=o110210040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 יִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י יִזְרְעֵאלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=Jezreelite|Ref=1KI_21:4!13|MId=o110210040132|Strong=3158|Type=gentilic 20-21 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:4!14|MId=o110210040141|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_21:4!14|MId=o110210040142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110210040121;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_21:4!15|MId=o110210040151|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 23 אֶתֵּ֥ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 21 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.give|Ref=1KI_21:4!16|MId=o110210040161|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:110210040121;A1:110210040191;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_21:4!17|MId=o110210040171|Strong=3807a 25 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1KI_21:4!17|MId=o110210040172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_21:4!18|MId=o110210040181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 27 נַחֲלַ֣ת נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=the.inheritance|Ref=1KI_21:4!19|MId=o110210040191|Strong=5159 28-29 אֲבוֹתָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אֲבוֹת אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.ancestors|Ref=1KI_21:4!20|MId=o110210040201|Strong=0001 29 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_21:4!20|MId=o110210040202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30-31 וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:4!21|MId=o110210040211|Strong=2050b 31 יִּשְׁכַּב֙ שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.lay.down|Ref=1KI_21:4!21|MId=o110210040212|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:110210040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_21:4!22|MId=o110210040221|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 מִטָּת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִטָּת מִטָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=bed|Ref=1KI_21:4!23|MId=o110210040231|Strong=4296 34 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_21:4!23|MId=o110210040232|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35-36 וַיַּסֵּ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:4!24|MId=o110210040241|Strong=2050b 36 יַּסֵּ֥ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.turned|Ref=1KI_21:4!24|MId=o110210040242|Strong=5437|Frame=AA:110210040021;A0:110210040261;|Type=wayyiqtol 37 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_21:4!25|MId=o110210040251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 פָּנָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 פָּנָ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 36 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=1KI_21:4!26|MId=o110210040261|Strong=6440 39 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_21:4!26|MId=o110210040262|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40-41 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_21:4!27|MId=o110210040271|Strong=2050b 41 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 42 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_21:4!27|MId=o110210040272|Strong=3808|Type=negative 42 אָ֥כַל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.ate|Ref=1KI_21:4!28|MId=o110210040281|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:110210040021;A1:110210040291;|Type=qatal 43 לָֽחֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 42 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=1KI_21:4!29|MId=o110210040291|Strong=3899|SpaceAfter=No 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=1KI_21:4!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | | דִּבֶּר *he had spoken* | qatal · piel | נָבוֹת *Naboth* | דָּבָר *word* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָבוֹת *Naboth* | | | | | **not** אֶתֵּן *I will give* | yiqtol · qal | נָבוֹת *Naboth* | נַחֲלַת *the inheritance* | | | | יִּשְׁכַּב *he lay down* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | | | | יַּסֵּב *he turned* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | פָּנָי *face* | | | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | | **not** אָכַל *he ate* | qatal · qal | אַחְאָב *Ahab* | לָֽחֶם *food* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא אַחְאָב לְבֵיתֵיהּ נְסִיס וְדַוָי עַל פִּתְגָמָא דְמַלֵיל עִמֵיהּ נְבוֹת יִזְרְעֶאלָה וַאֲמַר לָא אֶתֵּן לָךְ יַת אַחְסָנַת אֲבָהָתָי וּשְׁכִיב עַל עַרְסֵיהּ וְאַסְחַר יַת אַפּוֹהִי וְלָא אֲכַל לַחֲמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ahab came into his house sullen and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him; for he had said: 'I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers.' And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.775/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:737`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 21:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.3/) - next →: [1 Kings 21:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/21/)