--- title: 1 Kings 22:49 — Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but they… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but they went not; for the ships were broken at Ezion-geber. Who acts: Jehoshaphat, ships. 1 Kings 22:49 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.49/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/22/) / 22:49 # 1 Kings 22:49 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Jehoshaphat, ships · **What happens:** make, go, not go, break · **To what, where:** ships, Ophir, Ezion geber This is 1 Kings 22:49 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jehoshaphat, ships — and what happens in the verse to ships, Ophir, Ezion geber, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט עָשָׂה֩ אֳנִיּ֨וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֜ישׁ לָלֶ֧כֶת אוֹפִ֛ירָה לַזָּהָ֖ב וְלֹ֣א הָלָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ אֳנִיּ֖וֹת בְּעֶצְי֥וֹנ גָּֽבֶר עֶצְי֥וֹנ גָּֽבֶר׃ [Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but they went not; for the ships were broken at Ezion-geber.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.854/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:811 # text = יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט עָשָׂה֩ אֳנִיּ֨וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֜ישׁ לָלֶ֧כֶת אוֹפִ֛ירָה לַזָּהָ֖ב וְלֹ֣א הָלָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ אֳנִיּ֖וֹת בְּעֶצְי֥וֹנ גָּֽבֶר עֶצְי֥וֹנ גָּֽבֶר׃ # verse = 1KI.22.49 1 יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט יְהוֹשָׁפָט PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jehoshaphat|Ref=1KI_22:49!1|MId=o110220490011|Strong=3092 2 עָשָׂה֩ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=1KI_22:49!3|MId=o110220490031|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110220490011;A1:110220490041;|Type=qatal 3 אֳנִיּ֨וֹת אֳנִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=(the).ships|Ref=1KI_22:49!4|MId=o110220490041|Strong=0591 4 תַּרְשִׁ֜ישׁ תַּרְשִׁישׁ PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Tarshish|Ref=1KI_22:49!5|MId=o110220490051|Strong=8659 5-6 לָלֶ֧כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_22:49!6|MId=o110220490061|Strong=3807a 6 לֶ֧כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=1KI_22:49!6|MId=o110220490062|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:110220490041;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 אוֹפִ֛ירָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אוֹפִ֛יר אוֹפִיר PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_22:49!7|MId=o110220490071|Strong=0211a 8 ָה ה X _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=Ophir|Ref=1KI_22:49!7|MId=o110220490072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 9-11 לַזָּהָ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1KI_22:49!8|MId=o110220490081|Strong=3807a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_22:49!8|MId=o110220490081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 זָּהָ֖ב זָהָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=gold|Ref=1KI_22:49!8|MId=o110220490082|Strong=2091 12-13 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_22:49!9|MId=o110220490091|Strong=2050b 13 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_22:49!9|MId=o110220490092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 14 הָלָ֑ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.went|Ref=1KI_22:49!10|MId=o110220490101|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:110220490041;|Type=qatal 15 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_22:49!11|MId=o110220490111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16 נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.were.broken|Ref=1KI_22:49!13|MId=o110220490131|Strong=7665|Frame=A1:110220490141;|Type=qatal 17 אֳנִיּ֖וֹת אֳנִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].ships|Ref=1KI_22:49!14|MId=o110220490141|Strong=0591 18-19 בְּעֶצְי֥וֹנ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1KI_22:49!15|MId=o110220490151|Strong=0871a 19 עֶצְי֥וֹנ עֶצְיוֹן PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Ezion|Ref=1KI_22:49!15|MId=o110220490152 20 גָּֽבֶר גֶּבֶר PROPN _ _ 19 flat:name _ Ref=1KI_22:49!15 21 עֶצְי֥וֹנ עֶצְיוֹן PROPN _ _ 19 nmod _ Gloss=Geber|Ref=1KI_22:49!16|MId=o110220490161 22 גָּֽבֶר גֶּבֶר PROPN _ _ 21 flat:name _ Ref=1KI_22:49!16|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=1KI_22:49!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשָׂה *he made* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹשָׁפָט *Jehoshaphat* | אֳנִיּוֹת *(the) ships* | | | | לֶכֶת *go* | infinitive construct · qal | אֳנִיּוֹת *(the) ships* | | | | | **not** הָלָךְ *it went* | qatal · qal | אֳנִיּוֹת *(the) ships* | | | | | נִשְׁבְּרוּ *they were broken* | qatal · niphal | | אֳנִיּוֹת *\[the\] ships* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} יְהוֹשָׁפָט עֲבַד סְפִינַת אַפְרִיקָא לְמֵיזַל לְאוֹפִיר לְאַיְתָאָה דַהֲבָא וְלָא אֲזַל אַרֵי אִתְבָרוּ סְפִינְתָא בְעֶצְיוֹן גָבֶר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but they went not; for the ships were broken at Ezion-geber.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.854/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:811`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 22:48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.48/) - next →: [1 Kings 22:50](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.50/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/22/)