--- title: 1 Kings 22:8 — And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat: 'There is yet one man… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat: 'There is yet one man by whom we may inquire of the LORD, Micaiah the son of Imlah; but I hate him; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil.' And Jehoshaphat said: 'Let not the king say so.' Who acts: king, one man, we, I. 1 Kings 22:8 in H --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/22/) / 22:8 # 1 Kings 22:8 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** king, one man, we, I, Jehoshaphat · **What happens:** say, be, inquire, hate, not prophesy, not let · **To what, where:** king, good · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 22:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, one man, we, I, Jehoshaphat — and what happens in the verse to king, good, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט ע֣וֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֡ד לִדְרֹשׁ֩ אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה מֵאֹת֜וֹ וַאֲנִ֣י שְׂנֵאתִ֗יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתְנַבֵּ֨א עָלַ֥י טוֹב֙ כִּ֣י אִם־רָ֔ע מִיכָ֖יְהוּ בֶּן־יִמְלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט אַל־יֹאמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כֵּֽן׃ [And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat: 'There is yet one man by whom we may inquire of the LORD, Micaiah the son of Imlah; but I hate him; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil.' And Jehoshaphat said: 'Let not the king say so.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.809/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:770 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט ע֣וֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֡ד לִדְרֹשׁ֩ אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה מֵאֹת֜וֹ וַאֲנִ֣י שְׂנֵאתִ֗יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתְנַבֵּ֨א עָלַ֥י טוֹב֙ כִּ֣י אִם־רָ֔ע מִיכָ֖יְהוּ בֶּן־יִמְלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט אַל־יֹאמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כֵּֽן׃ # verse = 1KI.22.8 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_22:8!1|MId=o110220080011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_22:8!1|MId=o110220080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110220080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1KI_22:8!2|MId=o110220080021|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_22:8!3|MId=o110220080031|Strong=3478 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=1KI_22:8!3 6 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_22:8!4|MId=o110220080041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט יְהוֹשָׁפָט PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Jehoshaphat|Ref=1KI_22:8!5|MId=o110220080051|Strong=3092 8 ע֣וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=still|Ref=1KI_22:8!6|MId=o110220080061|Strong=5750 9 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1KI_22:8!7|MId=o110220080071|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 10 אֶחָ֡ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=1KI_22:8!8|MId=o110220080081|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 11-12 לִדְרֹשׁ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_22:8!9|MId=o110220080091|Strong=3807a 12 דְרֹשׁ֩ דָּרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 advcl _ Gloss=consult|Ref=1KI_22:8!9|MId=o110220080092|Strong=1875|Frame=A0:110220080021;110220080051;A1:110220080111;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_22:8!10|MId=o110220080101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 12 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1KI_22:8!11|MId=o110220080111|Strong=3068 15-17 מֵאֹת֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1KI_22:8!12|MId=o110220080121|Strong=4480 16 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_22:8!12|MId=o110220080122|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 17 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_22:8!12|MId=o110220080123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 וַאֲנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_22:8!13|MId=o110220080131|Strong=2050b 19 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1KI_22:8!13|MId=o110220080132|Strong=0589|Type=personal 20-21 שְׂנֵאתִ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 שְׂנֵאתִ֗י שָׂנֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1KI_22:8!14|MId=o110220080141|Strong=8130|Frame=A0:110220080132;A1:110220080142;|Type=qatal 21 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=hate.him|Ref=1KI_22:8!14|MId=o110220080142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 כִּ֠י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_22:8!15|MId=o110220080151|Strong=3588 23 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_22:8!16|MId=o110220080161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 24 יִתְנַבֵּ֨א נָבָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=he.prophesies|Ref=1KI_22:8!17|MId=o110220080171|Strong=5012|Frame=A0:110220080071;A1:110220080191;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 עָלַ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_22:8!18|MId=o110220080181|Strong=5921 26 ַ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1KI_22:8!18|MId=o110220080182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27 טוֹב֙ טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=good|Ref=1KI_22:8!19|MId=o110220080191|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 28 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_22:8!20|MId=o110220080201|Strong=3588 29 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 28 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=1KI_22:8!21|MId=o110220080211|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 30 רָ֔ע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 parataxis _ Gloss=evil|Ref=1KI_22:8!22|MId=o110220080221|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 31 מִיכָ֖יְהוּ מִיכָיְהוּ PROPN _ _ 8 parataxis _ Gloss=Micaiah|Ref=1KI_22:8!23|MId=o110220080231|Strong=4321 32 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1KI_22:8!24|MId=o110220080241|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 33 יִמְלָ֑ה יִמְלָא PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Imlah|Ref=1KI_22:8!25|MId=o110220080251|Strong=3229 34-35 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_22:8!26|MId=o110220080261|Strong=2050b 35 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_22:8!26|MId=o110220080262|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110220080271;|Type=wayyiqtol 36 יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט יְהוֹשָׁפָט PROPN _ _ 35 nsubj _ Gloss=Jehoshaphat|Ref=1KI_22:8!27|MId=o110220080271|Strong=3092 37 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_22:8!28|MId=o110220080281|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 38 יֹאמַ֥ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 35 ccomp _ Gloss=let.him.speak|Ref=1KI_22:8!29|MId=o110220080291|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110220080302;|Type=jussive 39-40 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_22:8!30|MId=o110220080301|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_22:8!30|MId=o110220080302|Strong=4428 41 כֵּֽן כֵּן ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1KI_22:8!31|MId=o110220080311|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=1KI_22:8!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶֽלֶךְ־ *the king* | | | | | דְרֹשׁ *consult* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶֽלֶךְ־ *the king* + יְהוֹשָׁפָט *Jehoshaphat* | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | שְׂנֵאתִי *I* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | ו *hate him* | | | | **not** יִתְנַבֵּא *he prophesies* | yiqtol · hithpael | אִישׁ־ *a man* | טוֹב *good* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשָׁפָט *Jehoshaphat* | | | | | **not** יֹאמַר *let him speak* | jussive · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל לִיהוֹשָׁפָט עוֹד גַבְרָא חַד לְמִתְבַּע יַת פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ מִינֵיהּ וַאֲנָא סְנֵיתֵיהּ אֲרֵי לָא יִתְנַבֵּי עֲלַי טַב אֱלָהֵין בִּישׁ מִיכָה בַּר יִמְלָה וַאֲמַר יְהוֹשָׁפָט לָא יֵימַר מַלְכָּא כֵּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat: 'There is yet one man by whom we may inquire of the LORD, Micaiah the son of Imlah; but I hate him; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil.' And Jehoshaphat said: 'Let not the king say so.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.809/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:770`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 22:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.7/) - next →: [1 Kings 22:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/22/)