--- title: 1 Kings 3:20 — And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thy… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thy handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom. Who acts: child, handmaid, my. 1 Kings 3:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/3/) / 3:20 # 1 Kings 3:20 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** child, handmaid, my · **What happens:** arise, take, sleep, lay, bosom · **To what, where:** son, handmaid, bosom, dead child This is 1 Kings 3:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — child, handmaid, my — and what happens in the verse to son, handmaid, bosom, dead child, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתָּקָם֩ בְּת֨וֹךְ הַלַּ֜יְלָה וַתִּקַּ֧ח אֶת־בְּנִ֣י מֵֽאֶצְלִ֗י וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ יְשֵׁנָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵ֖הוּ בְּחֵיקָ֑הּ וְאֶת־בְּנָ֥הּ הַמֵּ֖ת הִשְׁכִּ֥יבָה בְחֵיקִֽי׃ [And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thy handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.128/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:118 # text = וַתָּקָם֩ בְּת֨וֹךְ הַלַּ֜יְלָה וַתִּקַּ֧ח אֶת־בְּנִ֣י מֵֽאֶצְלִ֗י וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ יְשֵׁנָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵ֖הוּ בְּחֵיקָ֑הּ וְאֶת־בְּנָ֥הּ הַמֵּ֖ת הִשְׁכִּ֥יבָה בְחֵיקִֽי׃ # verse = 1KI.3.20 1-2 וַתָּקָם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:20!1|MId=o110030200011|Strong=2050b 2 תָּקָם֩ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.rose|Ref=1KI_3:20!1|MId=o110030200012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:110030190032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בְּת֨וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_3:20!2|MId=o110030200021|Strong=0871a 4 ת֨וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=1KI_3:20!2|MId=o110030200022|Strong=8432 5-6 הַלַּ֜יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1KI_3:20!3|MId=o110030200031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 לַּ֜יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.night|Ref=1KI_3:20!3|MId=o110030200032|Strong=3915 7-8 וַתִּקַּ֧ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:20!4|MId=o110030200041|Strong=2050b 8 תִּקַּ֧ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.took|Ref=1KI_3:20!4|MId=o110030200042|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:110030190032;A1:110030200061;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_3:20!5|MId=o110030200051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 בְּנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=son|Ref=1KI_3:20!6|MId=o110030200061|Strong=1121 11 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_3:20!6|MId=o110030200062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12-14 מֵֽאֶצְלִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1KI_3:20!7|MId=o110030200071|Strong=4480 13 אֶצְל אֵצֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=beside|Ref=1KI_3:20!7|MId=o110030200072|Strong=0681 14 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1KI_3:20!7|MId=o110030200073|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15-17 וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:20!8|MId=o110030200081|Strong=2050b 16 אֲמָֽת אָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=maidservant|Ref=1KI_3:20!8|MId=o110030200082|Strong=0519 17 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_3:20!8|MId=o110030200083|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 יְשֵׁנָ֔ה יָשֵׁן ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].sleeping|Ref=1KI_3:20!9|MId=o110030200091|Strong=3463|Type=adjective 19-21 וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:20!10|MId=o110030200101|Strong=2050b 20 תַּשְׁכִּיב שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she|Ref=1KI_3:20!10|MId=o110030200102|Strong=7901|Frame=AA:110030190032;A0:110030200103;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=made.him.lie|Ref=1KI_3:20!10|MId=o110030200103|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 22-24 בְּחֵיקָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_3:20!11|MId=o110030200111|Strong=0871a 23 חֵיק חֵיק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=bosom|Ref=1KI_3:20!11|MId=o110030200112|Strong=2436 24 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=1KI_3:20!11|MId=o110030200113|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 25-26 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:20!12|MId=o110030200121|Strong=2050b 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_3:20!12|MId=o110030200122|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27-28 בְּנָ֥הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=son|Ref=1KI_3:20!13|MId=o110030200131|Strong=1121 28 ָ֥הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=1KI_3:20!13|MId=o110030200132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 29-30 הַמֵּ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_3:20!14|MId=o110030200141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מֵּ֖ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 27 appos _ Gloss=dead|Ref=1KI_3:20!14|MId=o110030200142|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:110030200131;|Type=participle_active 31 הִשְׁכִּ֥יבָה שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.made.lie|Ref=1KI_3:20!15|MId=o110030200151|Strong=7901|Frame=AA:110030190032;A0:110030200131;|Type=qatal 32-34 בְחֵיקִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_3:20!16|MId=o110030200161|Strong=0871a 33 חֵיק חֵיק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=bosom|Ref=1KI_3:20!16|MId=o110030200162|Strong=2436 34 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_3:20!16|MId=o110030200163|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=1KI_3:20!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָּקָם *she rose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תִּקַּח *she took* | wayyiqtol · qal | | בְּנ *son* | | | | תַּשְׁכִּיב *she* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ *made him lie* | | | | | מֵּת *dead* | participle active · qal | בְּנ *son* | | | | | הִשְׁכִּיבָה *she made lie* | qatal · hiphil | בְּנ *son* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָמַת בְּגוֹ לֵילָא וּנְסִיבַת יַת בְּרִי מִלְוָתִי וְאַמְתָךְ דָמְכָא וְאַשְׁכֵּיבְתֵּיהּ לְוָתָה וְיַת בְּרָהּ מֵיתָא אַשְׁכֵּיבַת לְוָתִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thy handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.128/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:118`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.19/) - next →: [1 Kings 3:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/3/)