--- title: 1 Kings 3:23 — Then said the king: 'The one saith: This is my son that liveth, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said the king: 'The one saith: This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead; and the other saith: Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living.' Who acts: king, one, This, son. 1 Kings 3:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/3/) / 3:23 # 1 Kings 3:23 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** king, one, This, son, other · **What happens:** say, be, live · **To what, where:** son, dead, living · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 3:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, one, This, son, other — and what happens in the verse to son, dead, living, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ זֹ֣את אֹמֶ֔רֶת זֶה־בְּנִ֥י הַחַ֖י וּבְנֵ֣ךְ הַמֵּ֑ת וְזֹ֤את אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א כִ֔י בְּנֵ֥ךְ הַמֵּ֖ת וּבְנִ֥י הֶחָֽי׃פ [Then said the king: 'The one saith: This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead; and the other saith: Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.131/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:121 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ זֹ֣את אֹמֶ֔רֶת זֶה־בְּנִ֥י הַחַ֖י וּבְנֵ֣ךְ הַמֵּ֑ת וְזֹ֤את אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א כִ֔י בְּנֵ֥ךְ הַמֵּ֖ת וּבְנִ֥י הֶחָֽי׃פ # verse = 1KI.3.23 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:23!1|MId=o110030230011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1KI_3:23!1|MId=o110030230012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110030230022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_3:23!2|MId=o110030230021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_3:23!2|MId=o110030230022|Strong=4428 5 זֹ֣את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 nsubj _ Gloss=this.[one]|Ref=1KI_3:23!3|MId=o110030230031|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 6 אֹמֶ֔רֶת אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].saying|Ref=1KI_3:23!4|MId=o110030230041|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110030230031;|Type=participle_active 7 זֶה־ זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=1KI_3:23!5|MId=o110030230051|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 בְּנִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 ccomp _ Gloss=son|Ref=1KI_3:23!6|MId=o110030230061|Strong=1121 9 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=1KI_3:23!6|MId=o110030230062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10-11 הַחַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.living|Ref=1KI_3:23!7|MId=o110030230071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 חַ֖י חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=one|Ref=1KI_3:23!7|MId=o110030230072|Strong=2416|Type=adjective 12-14 וּבְנֵ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:23!8|MId=o110030230081|Strong=2050b 13 בְנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=son|Ref=1KI_3:23!8|MId=o110030230082|Strong=1121 14 ֵ֣ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_3:23!8|MId=o110030230083|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 15-16 הַמֵּ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=1KI_3:23!9|MId=o110030230091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מֵּ֑ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=dead.[one]|Ref=1KI_3:23!9|MId=o110030230092|Strong=4191|Type=participle_active 17-18 וְזֹ֤את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:23!10|MId=o110030230101|Strong=2050b 18 זֹ֤את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 nsubj _ Gloss=this.[one]|Ref=1KI_3:23!10|MId=o110030230102|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 19 אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[is].saying|Ref=1KI_3:23!11|MId=o110030230111|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110030230102;|Type=participle_active 20 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 19 ccomp _ Gloss=no|Ref=1KI_3:23!12|MId=o110030230121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 כִ֔י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_3:23!13|MId=o110030230131|Strong=3588 22-23 בְּנֵ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=son|Ref=1KI_3:23!14|MId=o110030230141|Strong=1121 23 ֵ֥ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_3:23!14|MId=o110030230142|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 24-25 הַמֵּ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=1KI_3:23!15|MId=o110030230151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מֵּ֖ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 advcl _ Gloss=dead.[one]|Ref=1KI_3:23!15|MId=o110030230152|Strong=4191|Type=participle_active 26-28 וּבְנִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:23!16|MId=o110030230161|Strong=2050b 27 בְנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=son|Ref=1KI_3:23!16|MId=o110030230162|Strong=1121 28 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_3:23!16|MId=o110030230163|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29-30 הֶחָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=1KI_3:23!17|MId=o110030230171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 חָֽי חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=living.one|Ref=1KI_3:23!17|MId=o110030230172|Strong=2416|Type=adjective 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1KI_3:23!17|SpaceAfter=No 32 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1KI_3:23!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | אֹמֶרֶת *\[is\] saying* | participle active · qal | זֹאת *this \[one\]* | | | | | **not** אֹמֶרֶת *\[is\] saying* | participle active · qal | זֹאת *this \[one\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא דָא אֲמָרָא דֵין בְּרִי חַיָא וּבְרִיךְ מֵיתָא וְדָא אֲמַרָא לָא כֵּן בְּרִיךְ מֵיתָא וּבְרִי חַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said the king: 'The one saith: This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead; and the other saith: Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.131/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:121`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 3:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.22/) - next →: [1 Kings 3:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.24/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/3/)