--- title: 1 Kings 3:28 — And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king; for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do justice. Who acts: Israel, king, women, wisdom. 1 Kings 3:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/3/) / 3:28 # 1 Kings 3:28 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Israel, king, women, wisdom · **What happens:** hear, judge, fear, see, be, do · **To what, where:** judgment, king, justice · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 3:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, king, women, wisdom — and what happens in the verse to judgment, king, justice, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפַ֣ט הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י רָא֔וּ כִּֽי־חָכְמַ֧ת אֱלֹהִ֛ים בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ס [And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king; for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do justice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.136/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:126 # text = וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפַ֣ט הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י רָא֔וּ כִּֽי־חָכְמַ֧ת אֱלֹהִ֛ים בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ס # verse = 1KI.3.28 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:28!1|MId=o110030280011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמְע֣וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=1KI_3:28!1|MId=o110030280012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:110030280031;A1:110030280052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_3:28!2|MId=o110030280021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_3:28!3|MId=o110030280031|Strong=3478 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_3:28!4|MId=o110030280041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_3:28!5|MId=o110030280051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מִּשְׁפָּט֙ מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=judgment|Ref=1KI_3:28!5|MId=o110030280052|Strong=4941 8 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_3:28!6|MId=o110030280061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 שָׁפַ֣ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.judged|Ref=1KI_3:28!7|MId=o110030280071|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:110030280082;A1:110030280052;|Type=qatal 10-11 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_3:28!8|MId=o110030280081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_3:28!8|MId=o110030280082|Strong=4428 12-13 וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_3:28!9|MId=o110030280091|Strong=2050b 13 יִּֽרְא֖וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=1KI_3:28!9|MId=o110030280092|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:110030280031;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1KI_3:28!10|MId=o110030280101|Strong=4480 15 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_3:28!10|MId=o110030280102|Strong=6440 16-17 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_3:28!11|MId=o110030280111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_3:28!11|MId=o110030280112|Strong=4428 18 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_3:28!12|MId=o110030280121|Strong=3588 19 רָא֔וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=1KI_3:28!13|MId=o110030280131|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:110030280031;A1:110030280172;|Type=qatal 20 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1KI_3:28!14|MId=o110030280141|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 21 חָכְמַ֧ת חׇכְמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=the.wisdom|Ref=1KI_3:28!15|MId=o110030280151|Strong=2451 22 אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=1KI_3:28!16|MId=o110030280161|Strong=0430 23-25 בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[was]|Ref=1KI_3:28!17|MId=o110030280171|Strong=0871a 24 קִרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 ccomp _ Gloss=within|Ref=1KI_3:28!17|MId=o110030280172|Strong=7130 25 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_3:28!17|MId=o110030280173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_3:28!18|MId=o110030280181|Strong=3807a 27 עֲשׂ֥וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 advcl _ Gloss=do|Ref=1KI_3:28!18|MId=o110030280182|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110030280112;A1:110030280191;|Type=infinitive_construct 28 מִשְׁפָּֽט מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=justice|Ref=1KI_3:28!19|MId=o110030280191|Strong=4941|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1KI_3:28!19|SpaceAfter=No 30 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1KI_3:28!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמְעוּ *they heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | מִּשְׁפָּט *judgment* | | | | שָׁפַט *he had judged* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | מִּשְׁפָּט *judgment* | | | | יִּֽרְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | רָאוּ *they saw* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | קִרְבּ *within* | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *do* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | מִשְׁפָּֽט *justice* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמָעוּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת דִינָא דְדָן מַלְכָּא וּדְחִילוּ מִן קֳדָם מַלְכָּא אֲרֵי חֲזוֹ אֲרֵי חוּכְמְתָא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ בִּמְעוֹהִי לְמֶעְבַּד דִינָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king; for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do justice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.136/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:126`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 3:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.27/) - next →: [1 Kings 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.4.1/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/3/)