--- title: 1 Kings 5:20 — Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Leban… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say; for thou knowest that there is not among us any that hath skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians.' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.5.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/5/) / 5:20 # 1 Kings 5:20 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** thou, sons, servants, I, any · **What happens:** command, hew, be, give, accord, say · **To what, where:** cedar trees, me, Lebanon, hire, thee, skill · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 5:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, sons, servants, I, any — and what happens in the verse to cedar trees, me, Lebanon, hire, thee, skill, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַתָּ֡ה צַוֵּה֩ וְיִכְרְתוּ־לִ֨י אֲרָזִ֜ים מִן־הַלְּבָנ֗וֹן וַֽעֲבָדַי֙ יִהְי֣וּ עִם־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּשְׂכַ֤ר עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמֵ֑ר כִּ֣י ׀ אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתָּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין בָּ֛נוּ אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ לִכְרָת־עֵצִ֖ים כַּצִּדֹנִֽים׃ [Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say; for thou knowest that there is not among us any that hath skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.176/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:166 # text = וְעַתָּ֡ה צַוֵּה֩ וְיִכְרְתוּ־לִ֨י אֲרָזִ֜ים מִן־הַלְּבָנ֗וֹן וַֽעֲבָדַי֙ יִהְי֣וּ עִם־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּשְׂכַ֤ר עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמֵ֑ר כִּ֣י ׀ אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתָּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין בָּ֛נוּ אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ לִכְרָת־עֵצִ֖ים כַּצִּדֹנִֽים׃ # verse = 1KI.5.20 1-2 וְעַתָּ֡ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_5:20!1|MId=o110050200011|Strong=2050b 2 עַתָּ֡ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=1KI_5:20!1|MId=o110050200012|Strong=6258 3 צַוֵּה֩ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=command|Ref=1KI_5:20!2|MId=o110050200021|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:110050160041;|Type=imperative 4-5 וְיִכְרְתוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=1KI_5:20!3|MId=o110050200031|Strong=2050b 5 יִכְרְתוּ־ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=that.people.may.cut|Ref=1KI_5:20!3|MId=o110050200032|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:110050200111;A1:110050200051;|Type=jussive 6-7 לִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ל לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1KI_5:20!4|MId=o110050200041|Strong=3807a 7 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1KI_5:20!4|MId=o110050200042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8 אֲרָזִ֜ים אֶרֶז NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ Gloss=cedars|Ref=1KI_5:20!5|MId=o110050200051|Strong=0730 9 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1KI_5:20!6|MId=o110050200061|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַלְּבָנ֗וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_5:20!7|MId=o110050200071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 לְּבָנ֗וֹן לְבָנוֹן PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Lebanon|Ref=1KI_5:20!7|MId=o110050200072|Strong=3844 12-14 וַֽעֲבָדַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_5:20!8|MId=o110050200081|Strong=2050b 13 עֲבָד עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1KI_5:20!8|MId=o110050200082|Strong=5650 14 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1KI_5:20!8|MId=o110050200083|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15 יִהְי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=1KI_5:20!9|MId=o110050200091|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110050200082;|Type=yiqtol 16 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1KI_5:20!10|MId=o110050200101|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עֲבָדֶ֔י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1KI_5:20!11|MId=o110050200111|Strong=5650 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_5:20!11|MId=o110050200112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 וּשְׂכַ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_5:20!12|MId=o110050200121|Strong=2050b 20 שְׂכַ֤ר שָׂכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=the.wage[s]|Ref=1KI_5:20!12|MId=o110050200122|Strong=7939 21-22 עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עֲבָדֶ֙י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.servants|Ref=1KI_5:20!13|MId=o110050200131|Strong=5650 22 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_5:20!13|MId=o110050200132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23 אֶתֵּ֣ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.give|Ref=1KI_5:20!14|MId=o110050200141|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:110050160021;A1:110050200122;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 לְךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_5:20!15|MId=o110050200151|Strong=3807a 25 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1KI_5:20!15|MId=o110050200152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26-27 כְּכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=1KI_5:20!16|MId=o110050200161|Strong=3509a 27 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=to.all|Ref=1KI_5:20!16|MId=o110050200162|Strong=3605 28 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1KI_5:20!17|MId=o110050200171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 29 תֹּאמֵ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 27 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=1KI_5:20!18|MId=o110050200181|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:110050160041;A1:110050200162;|Type=yiqtol 30 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1KI_5:20!19|MId=o110050200191|Strong=3588 31 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1KI_5:20!19 32 אַתָּ֣ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1KI_5:20!20|MId=o110050200201|Strong=0859|Type=personal 33 יָדַ֗עְתָּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=you.know|Ref=1KI_5:20!21|MId=o110050200211|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:110050200201;A1:110050200231;|Type=qatal 34 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1KI_5:20!22|MId=o110050200221|Strong=3588 35 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 33 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1KI_5:20!23|MId=o110050200231|Strong=0369|Type=negative 36-37 בָּ֛נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1KI_5:20!24|MId=o110050200241|Strong=0871a 37 ָ֛נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=1KI_5:20!24|MId=o110050200242|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 38 אִ֛ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=1KI_5:20!25|MId=o110050200251|Strong=0376 39 יֹדֵ֥עַ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 38 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[who].knows|Ref=1KI_5:20!26|MId=o110050200261|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:110050200251;|Type=participle_active 40-41 לִכְרָת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_5:20!27|MId=o110050200271|Strong=3807a 41 כְרָת־ כָּרַת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 39 advcl _ Gloss=cut|Ref=1KI_5:20!27|MId=o110050200272|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:110050200251;A1:110050200281;|Type=infinitive_construct 42 עֵצִ֖ים עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 41 obj _ Gloss=wood(s)|Ref=1KI_5:20!28|MId=o110050200281|Strong=6086 43-45 כַּצִּדֹנִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=1KI_5:20!29|MId=o110050200291|Strong=3509a 44 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_5:20!29|MId=o110050200291ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 צִּדֹנִֽים צִידֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 39 obl _ Gloss=Sidonians|Ref=1KI_5:20!29|MId=o110050200292|Strong=6722|Type=gentilic 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=1KI_5:20!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צַוֵּה *command* | imperative · piel | | | | | | יִכְרְתוּ־ *that people may cut* | jussive · qal | עֲבָדֶי *servants* | אֲרָזִים *cedars* | | | | יִהְיוּ *they will be* | yiqtol · qal | עֲבָד *servants* | | | | | אֶתֵּן *I will give* | yiqtol · qal | | שְׂכַר *the wage\[s\]* | | | | תֹּאמֵר *you will say* | yiqtol · qal | | כֹל *to all* | | | | **not** יָדַעְתָּ *you know* | qatal · qal | אַתָּה *you* | אֵין *there \[is\] not* | | | | יֹדֵעַ *\[who\] knows* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | | כְרָת־ *cut* | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | עֵצִים *wood(s)* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְעַן פַּקֵיד וִיקַצְצוּן לִי אַרְזִין מִן לִבְנָן וְעַבְדַי יְהוֹן עִם עַבְדָיִךְ וַאֲגַר עַבְדָיִךְ אֶתֵּן לָךְ כְּכֹל דְתֵימַר אֲרֵי אַתְּ יְדַעְתָּ אֲרֵי לֵית בָּנָא גַבְרָא דִידַע לְמִקַץ אָעִין כְּצִידוֹנָאֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say; for thou knowest that there is not among us any that hath skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.176/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:166`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 5:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.5.19/) - next →: [1 Kings 5:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.5.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/5/)