--- title: 1 Kings 8:31 — If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before Thine altar in this house; Who acts: man, heaven. 1 Kings 8:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.8.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/8/) / 8:31 # 1 Kings 8:31 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** man, heaven · **What happens:** sin, exact, cause, swear, come · **To what, where:** oath, heaven, house This is 1 Kings 8:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, heaven — and what happens in the verse to oath, heaven, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֶחֱטָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וְנָֽשָׁא־ב֥וֹ אָלָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲלֹת֑וֹ וּבָ֗א אָלָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י מִֽזְבַּחֲךָ֖ בַּבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ [If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before Thine altar in this house;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.313/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:298 # text = אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֶחֱטָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וְנָֽשָׁא־ב֥וֹ אָלָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲלֹת֑וֹ וּבָ֗א אָלָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י מִֽזְבַּחֲךָ֖ בַּבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ # verse = 1KI.8.31 1 אֵת֩ אֵת ADP _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_8:31!1|MId=o110080310011|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 2 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=1KI_8:31!2|MId=o110080310021|Strong=0834|Type=relative 3 יֶחֱטָ֥א חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.sin|Ref=1KI_8:31!3|MId=o110080310031|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:110080310041;|Type=yiqtol 4 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=1KI_8:31!4|MId=o110080310041|Strong=0376 5-7 לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_8:31!5|MId=o110080310051|Strong=3807a 6 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=1KI_8:31!5|MId=o110080310052|Strong=7453 7 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_8:31!5|MId=o110080310053|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 8-9 וְנָֽשָׁא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_8:31!6|MId=o110080310061|Strong=2050b 9 נָֽשָׁא־ נָשָׁא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.will.impose|Ref=1KI_8:31!6|MId=o110080310062|Strong=5378|Frame=A0:110080310052;A1:110080310081;|Type=weqatal 10-11 ב֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_8:31!7|MId=o110080310071|Strong=0871a 11 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_8:31!7|MId=o110080310072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 אָלָ֖ה אָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=an.oath|Ref=1KI_8:31!8|MId=o110080310081|Strong=0423 13-15 לְהַֽאֲלֹת֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_8:31!9|MId=o110080310091|Strong=3807a 14 הַֽאֲלֹת אָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 9 advcl _ Gloss=put|Ref=1KI_8:31!9|MId=o110080310092|Strong=0422|Frame=A0:110080310093;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=him.under.an.oath|Ref=1KI_8:31!9|MId=o110080310093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 וּבָ֗א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_8:31!10|MId=o110080310101|Strong=2050b 17 בָ֗א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.will.come|Ref=1KI_8:31!10|MId=o110080310102|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:110080310041;|Type=weqatal 18 אָלָ֛ה אָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=an.oath|Ref=1KI_8:31!11|MId=o110080310111|Strong=0422|Frame=A0:110080310041; 19-20 לִפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1KI_8:31!12|MId=o110080310121|Strong=3807a 20 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_8:31!12|MId=o110080310122|Strong=6440 21-22 מִֽזְבַּחֲךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מִֽזְבַּח מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=altar|Ref=1KI_8:31!13|MId=o110080310131|Strong=4196 22 ֲךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1KI_8:31!13|MId=o110080310132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23-25 בַּבַּ֥יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_8:31!14|MId=o110080310141|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_8:31!14|MId=o110080310141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 בַּ֥יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=1KI_8:31!14|MId=o110080310142|Strong=1004 26-27 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_8:31!15|MId=o110080310151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 25 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1KI_8:31!15|MId=o110080310152|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1KI_8:31!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֶחֱטָא *he will sin* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | | נָֽשָׁא־ *he will impose* | weqatal · qal | רֵע *neighbor* | אָלָה *an oath* | | | | הַֽאֲלֹת *put* | infinitive construct · hiphil | וֹ *him under an oath* | | | | | בָא *it will come* | weqatal · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | | אָלָה *an oath* | | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} יַת דְיֵחוּב גְבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ וְיִרְשֵׁי בֵיהּ מוּמֵי לְאוֹמָיוּתֵיהּ וְיֵתֵי וְיוֹמִינֵיהּ קֳדָם מַדְבְּחָךְ בְּבֵיתָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before Thine altar in this house;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.313/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:298`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 8:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.8.30/) - next →: [1 Kings 8:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.8.32/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/8/)