--- title: 1 Samuel 1:8 — And Elkanah her husband said unto her: 'Hannah, why weepest thou? an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Elkanah her husband said unto her: 'Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?' Who acts: Elkanah, thou, I. 1 Samuel 1:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.1.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/1/) / 1:8 # 1 Samuel 1:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Elkanah, thou, I · **What happens:** say, weep, not eat, grieve, not be · **To what, where:** heart · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Elkanah, thou, I — and what happens in the verse to heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֜הּ אֶלְקָנָ֣ה אִישָׁ֗הּ חַנָּה֙ לָ֣מֶה תִבְכִּ֗י וְלָ֙מֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְלִ֔י וְלָ֖מֶה יֵרַ֣ע לְבָבֵ֑ךְ הֲל֤וֹא אָֽנֹכִי֙ ט֣וֹב לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲשָׂרָ֖ה בָּנִֽים׃ [And Elkanah her husband said unto her: 'Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.8/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:7 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֜הּ אֶלְקָנָ֣ה אִישָׁ֗הּ חַנָּה֙ לָ֣מֶה תִבְכִּ֗י וְלָ֙מֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְלִ֔י וְלָ֖מֶה יֵרַ֣ע לְבָבֵ֑ךְ הֲל֤וֹא אָֽנֹכִי֙ ט֣וֹב לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲשָׂרָ֖ה בָּנִֽים׃ # verse = 1SA.1.8 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_1:8!1|MId=o090010080011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_1:8!1|MId=o090010080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090010080031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָ֜הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_1:8!2|MId=o090010080021|Strong=3807a 4 ָ֜הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_1:8!2|MId=o090010080022|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 5 אֶלְקָנָ֣ה אֶלְקָנָה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Elkanah|Ref=1SA_1:8!3|MId=o090010080031|Strong=0511 6-7 אִישָׁ֗הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אִישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=husband|Ref=1SA_1:8!4|MId=o090010080041|Strong=0376 7 ָ֗הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_1:8!4|MId=o090010080042|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 8 חַנָּה֙ חַנָּה PROPN _ _ 11 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Hannah|Ref=1SA_1:8!5|MId=o090010080051|Strong=2584 9-10 לָ֣מֶה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לָ֣ לָמָה ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_1:8!6|MId=o090010080061|Strong=3807a 10 מֶה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 11 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_1:8!6|MId=o090010080062|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 11 תִבְכִּ֗י בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=are.you.weeping|Ref=1SA_1:8!7|MId=o090010080071|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:090010080051;|Type=yiqtol 12-14 וְלָ֙מֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_1:8!8|MId=o090010080081|Strong=2050b 13 לָ֙ לָמָה ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_1:8!8|MId=o090010080082|Strong=3807a 14 מֶה֙ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 16 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_1:8!8|MId=o090010080083|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 15 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_1:8!9|MId=o090010080091|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 תֹֽאכְלִ֔י אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=are.you.eating|Ref=1SA_1:8!10|MId=o090010080101|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090010080051;|Type=yiqtol 17-19 וְלָ֖מֶה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_1:8!11|MId=o090010080111|Strong=2050b 18 לָ֖ לָמָה ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_1:8!11|MId=o090010080112|Strong=3807a 19 מֶה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 20 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_1:8!11|MId=o090010080113|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 20 יֵרַ֣ע רעע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=is.it.sad|Ref=1SA_1:8!12|MId=o090010080121|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:090010080131;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 לְבָבֵ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=1SA_1:8!13|MId=o090010080131|Strong=3824 22 ֵ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_1:8!13|MId=o090010080132|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 23-24 הֲל֤וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_1:8!14|MId=o090010080141|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 24 ל֤וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_1:8!14|MId=o090010080142|Strong=3808|Type=negative 25 אָֽנֹכִי֙ אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ Gloss=[am].I|Ref=1SA_1:8!15|MId=o090010080151|Strong=0595|Type=personal 26 ט֣וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 parataxis _ Gloss=good|Ref=1SA_1:8!16|MId=o090010080161|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 27-28 לָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_1:8!17|MId=o090010080171|Strong=3807a 28 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_1:8!17|MId=o090010080172|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 29-30 מֵעֲשָׂרָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=1SA_1:8!18|MId=o090010080181|Strong=4480 30 עֲשָׂרָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָה NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nummod _ Gloss=than.ten|Ref=1SA_1:8!18|MId=o090010080182|Strong=6235|Type=cardinal_number 31 בָּנִֽים בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=sons|Ref=1SA_1:8!19|MId=o090010080191|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_1:8!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶלְקָנָה *Elkanah* | | | | | תִבְכִּי *are you weeping* | yiqtol · qal | חַנָּה *O Hannah* | | | | | **not** תֹֽאכְלִי *are you eating* | yiqtol · qal | חַנָּה *O Hannah* | | | | | יֵרַע *is it sad* | yiqtol · qal | לְבָב *heart* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לָהּ אֶלְקָנָה בַּעֲלָהּ חַנָה לְמָה אַתְּ בַּכְיָא וּלְמָה לָא תֵיכְלִי וּלְמָה בָּאֵישׁ לִיךְ לִיבֵּךְ הֲלָא רְעוּתִי טָבָא לִיךְ מַעֲשְׂרָא בְּנִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Elkanah her husband said unto her: 'Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.8/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:7`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.1.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.1.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/1/)