--- title: 1 Samuel 12:10 — And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served the Baalim and the Ashtaroth; but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve Thee. Who acts: fathers, We. 1 Samuel 12:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/) / 12:10 # 1 Samuel 12:10 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** fathers, We · **What happens:** cry, say, sin, forsake, serve, deliver · **To what, where:** LORD, Baalim, us, hand, Thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 12:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fathers, We — and what happens in the verse to LORD, Baalim, us, hand, Thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּחָטָ֔אנוּ כִּ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַנַּעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְעַתָּ֗ה הַצִּילֵ֛נוּ מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ [And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served the Baalim and the Ashtaroth; but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve Thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.284/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:257 # text = וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּחָטָ֔אנוּ כִּ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַנַּעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְעַתָּ֗ה הַצִּילֵ֛נוּ מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ # verse = 1SA.12.10 1-2 וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:10!1|MId=o090120100011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּזְעֲק֤וּ זָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.cried.out|Ref=1SA_12:10!1|MId=o090120100012|Strong=2199|Frame=A0:090120080171;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_12:10!2|MId=o090120100021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_12:10!3|MId=o090120100031|Strong=3068 5-7 וַיֹּאמְר֣וּחָטָ֔אנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:10!5|MId=o090120100051|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1SA_12:10!5|MId=o090120100052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090120080171;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 חָטָ֔אנוּ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 6 ccomp _ Gloss=we.have.sinned|Ref=1SA_12:10!6|MId=o090120100061|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:090120080171;|Type=qatal 8 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_12:10!7|MId=o090120100071|Strong=3588 9 עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 7 advcl _ Gloss=we.have.forsaken|Ref=1SA_12:10!8|MId=o090120100081|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:090120080171;A1:090120100101;|Type=qatal 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:10!9|MId=o090120100091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 9 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_12:10!10|MId=o090120100101|Strong=3068 12-13 וַנַּעֲבֹ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:10!11|MId=o090120100111|Strong=2050b 13 נַּעֲבֹ֥ד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=we.have.served|Ref=1SA_12:10!11|MId=o090120100112|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:090120080171;A1:090120100132;090120100152;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:10!12|MId=o090120100121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַבְּעָלִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_12:10!13|MId=o090120100131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 בְּעָלִ֖ים בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 13 obj _ Gloss=Baals|Ref=1SA_12:10!13|MId=o090120100132|Strong=1168 17-18 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:10!14|MId=o090120100141|Strong=2050b 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:10!14|MId=o090120100142|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 19-20 הָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_12:10!15|MId=o090120100151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת עַשְׁתֹּרֶת PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Ashtaroth|Ref=1SA_12:10!15|MId=o090120100152|Strong=6253 21-22 וְעַתָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:10!16|MId=o090120100161|Strong=2050b 22 עַתָּ֗ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=1SA_12:10!16|MId=o090120100162|Strong=6258 23-24 הַצִּילֵ֛נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַצִּיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=deliver|Ref=1SA_12:10!17|MId=o090120100171|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:090120100101;A0:090120100172;|Type=imperative 24 ֵ֛נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_12:10!17|MId=o090120100172|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25-26 מִיַּ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_12:10!18|MId=o090120100181|Strong=4480 26 יַּ֥ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_12:10!18|MId=o090120100182|Strong=3027 27-28 אֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אֹיְבֵ֖י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=our.enemies|Ref=1SA_12:10!19|MId=o090120100191|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 28 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=1SA_12:10!19|MId=o090120100192|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 29-31 וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=1SA_12:10!20|MId=o090120100201|Strong=2050b 30 נַעַבְד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_12:10!20|MId=o090120100202|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:090120080171;A1:090120100203;|Type=yiqtol 31 ֶֽךָּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=we.may.serve.you|Ref=1SA_12:10!20|MId=o090120100203|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:10!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּזְעֲקוּ *they cried out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | חָטָאנוּ *we have sinned* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָזַבְנוּ *we have forsaken* | qatal · qal | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | נַּעֲבֹד *we have served* | wayyiqtol · qal | | בְּעָלִים *Baals* + עַשְׁתָּרוֹת *Ashtaroth* | | | | הַצִּיל *deliver* | imperative · hiphil | ֵנוּ *us* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | נַעַבְד *that* | yiqtol · qal | | ֶֽךָּ *we may serve you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּזְעִיקוּ קֳדָם יְיָ וַאֲמַרוּ חַבְנָא אֲרֵי שְׁבַקְנָא יַת פּוּלְחָנָא דַייָ וּפְלַחְנָא יַת בְּעָלַיָא וְיַת עַשְׁתְּרָתָא וּכְעַן שֵׁיזְבָנָא מִיַד בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָנָא וְנִפְלַח קֳדָמָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served the Baalim and the Ashtaroth; but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve Thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.284/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:257`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 12:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.9/) - next →: [1 Samuel 12:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.11/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/)