--- title: 1 Samuel 12:18 — So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day; and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel. Who acts: Samuel, LORD, people. 1 Samuel 12:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/) / 12:18 # 1 Samuel 12:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Samuel, LORD, people · **What happens:** call, send, fear · **To what, where:** thunder, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 12:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, LORD, people — and what happens in the verse to thunder, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה קֹלֹ֥ת וּמָטָ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיִּירָ֨א כָל־הָעָ֥ם מְאֹ֛ד אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ [So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day; and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.293/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:265 # text = וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה קֹלֹ֥ת וּמָטָ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיִּירָ֨א כָל־הָעָ֥ם מְאֹ֛ד אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ # verse = 1SA.12.18 1-2 וַיִּקְרָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:18!1|MId=o090120180011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.called.out|Ref=1SA_12:18!1|MId=o090120180012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:090120180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁמוּאֵל֙ שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_12:18!2|MId=o090120180021|Strong=8050 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_12:18!3|MId=o090120180031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_12:18!4|MId=o090120180041|Strong=3068 6-7 וַיִּתֵּ֧ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:18!5|MId=o090120180051|Strong=2050b 7 יִּתֵּ֧ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.gave|Ref=1SA_12:18!5|MId=o090120180052|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090120180061;A1:090120180071;090120180082;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_12:18!6|MId=o090120180061|Strong=3068 9 קֹלֹ֥ת קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obj _ Gloss=thunder.claps|Ref=1SA_12:18!7|MId=o090120180071|Strong=6963 10-11 וּמָטָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:18!8|MId=o090120180081|Strong=2050b 11 מָטָ֖ר מָטַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=rain|Ref=1SA_12:18!8|MId=o090120180082|Strong=4306 12-14 בַּיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_12:18!9|MId=o090120180091|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_12:18!9|MId=o090120180091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_12:18!9|MId=o090120180092|Strong=3117 15-16 הַה֑וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_12:18!10|MId=o090120180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 ה֑וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_12:18!10|MId=o090120180102|Strong=1931|Type=personal 17-18 וַיִּירָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:18!11|MId=o090120180111|Strong=2050b 18 יִּירָ֨א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.feared|Ref=1SA_12:18!11|MId=o090120180112|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:090120180132;A1:090120180161;090120180181;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_12:18!12|MId=o090120180121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הָעָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_12:18!13|MId=o090120180131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 עָ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_12:18!13|MId=o090120180132|Strong=5971 22 מְאֹ֛ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=1SA_12:18!14|MId=o090120180141|Strong=3966 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:18!15|MId=o090120180151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_12:18!16|MId=o090120180161|Strong=3068 25-26 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:18!17|MId=o090120180171|Strong=2050b 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:18!17|MId=o090120180172|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27 שְׁמוּאֵֽל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 24 conj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_12:18!18|MId=o090120180181|Strong=8050|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:18!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא *he called out* | wayyiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | יִּתֵּן *he gave* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | קֹלֹת *thunder claps* + מָטָר *rain* | | | | יִּירָא *it feared* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | יְהוָה *Yahweh* + שְׁמוּאֵֽל *Samuel* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּקְרָא שְׁמוּאֵל קֳדָם יְיָ וִיהַב יְיָ קָלִין וּמִטְרָא בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא וּדְחַל כָּל עַמָא לַחֲדָא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ וּמִפִּתְגָמֵי שְׁמוּאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day; and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.293/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:265`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 12:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.17/) - next →: [1 Samuel 12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/)