--- title: 1 Samuel 12:2 — And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you; and I have walked before you from my youth unto this day. Who acts: king, I, sons. 1 Samuel 12:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/) / 12:2 # 1 Samuel 12:2 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** king, I, sons · **What happens:** walk, be · **To what, where:** youth This is 1 Samuel 12:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, I, sons — and what happens in the verse to youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַתָּ֞ה הִנֵּ֥ה הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֗ם וַאֲנִי֙ זָקַ֣נְתִּי וָשַׂ֔בְתִּי וּבָנַ֖י הִנָּ֣ם אִתְּכֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם מִנְּעֻרַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ [And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you; and I have walked before you from my youth unto this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.276/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:249 # text = וְעַתָּ֞ה הִנֵּ֥ה הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֗ם וַאֲנִי֙ זָקַ֣נְתִּי וָשַׂ֔בְתִּי וּבָנַ֖י הִנָּ֣ם אִתְּכֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם מִנְּעֻרַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.12.2 1-2 וְעַתָּ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:2!1|MId=o090120020011|Strong=2050b 2 עַתָּ֞ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=now|Ref=1SA_12:2!1|MId=o090120020012|Strong=6258 3 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 7 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=1SA_12:2!2|MId=o090120020021|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 4-5 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_12:2!3|MId=o090120020031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_12:2!3|MId=o090120020032|Strong=4428 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:2!3 7 מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].walking.about|Ref=1SA_12:2!4|MId=o090120020041|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090120020032;|Type=participle_active 8-10 לִפְנֵיכֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_12:2!5|MId=o090120020051|Strong=3807a 9 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_12:2!5|MId=o090120020052|Strong=6440 10 כֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_12:2!5|MId=o090120020053|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַאֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:2!6|MId=o090120020061|Strong=2050b 12 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_12:2!6|MId=o090120020062|Strong=0589|Type=personal 13 זָקַ֣נְתִּי זָקֵן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.am.old|Ref=1SA_12:2!7|MId=o090120020071|Strong=2204|Frame=A0:090120020062;|Type=qatal 14-15 וָשַׂ֔בְתִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:2!8|MId=o090120020081|Strong=2050b 15 שַׂ֔בְתִּי שִׂיב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 conj _ Gloss=I.am.gray.haired|Ref=1SA_12:2!8|MId=o090120020082|Strong=7867|Frame=A0:090120010021;|Type=qatal 16-18 וּבָנַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:2!9|MId=o090120020091|Strong=2050b 17 בָנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 dislocated _ Gloss=sons|Ref=1SA_12:2!9|MId=o090120020092|Strong=1121 18 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_12:2!9|MId=o090120020093|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19-20 הִנָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הִנּ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=1SA_12:2!10|MId=o090120020101|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 20 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_12:2!10|MId=o090120020102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21-22 אִתְּכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[are].with|Ref=1SA_12:2!11|MId=o090120020111|Strong=0854 22 ְכֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_12:2!11|MId=o090120020112|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַאֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:2!12|MId=o090120020121|Strong=2050b 24 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_12:2!12|MId=o090120020122|Strong=0589|Type=personal 25 הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.have.walked.about|Ref=1SA_12:2!13|MId=o090120020131|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090120020122;|Type=qatal 26-28 לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_12:2!14|MId=o090120020141|Strong=3807a 27 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_12:2!14|MId=o090120020142|Strong=6440 28 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_12:2!14|MId=o090120020143|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 29-31 מִנְּעֻרַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=since|Ref=1SA_12:2!15|MId=o090120020151|Strong=4480 30 נְּעֻר נְעוּרִים NOUN _ Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=youth(s)|Ref=1SA_12:2!15|MId=o090120020152|Strong=5271 31 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_12:2!15|MId=o090120020153|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 32 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_12:2!16|MId=o090120020161|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 הַיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_12:2!17|MId=o090120020171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_12:2!17|MId=o090120020172|Strong=3117 35-36 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_12:2!18|MId=o090120020181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 34 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_12:2!18|MId=o090120020182|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:2!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מִתְהַלֵּךְ *\[is\] walking about* | participle active · hithpael | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | זָקַנְתִּי *I am old* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | שַׂבְתִּי *I am gray haired* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הִתְהַלַּכְתִּי *I have walked about* | qatal · hithpael | אֲנִי *I* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְעַן הָא מַלְכָּא מְדַבֵּר בְּרֵישֵׁיכוֹן וַאֲנָא קָשִׁישׁ וְסָבֵית וּבְנַי הָא אִינוּן עִמְכוֹן וַאֲנָא הַלְכֵית קֳדָמֵיכוֹן מִזְעֵירַי עַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you; and I have walked before you from my youth unto this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.276/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:249`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 12:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.1/) - next →: [1 Samuel 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.3/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/)