--- title: 1 Samuel 12:21 — and turn ye not aside; for then should ye go after vain things which… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and turn ye not aside; for then should ye go after vain things which cannot profit nor deliver, for they are vain. Who acts: you, ye, vain things, people. 1 Samuel 12:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/) / 12:21 # 1 Samuel 12:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** you, ye, vain things, people · **What happens:** not turn, go, not profit, deliver, be · **To what, where:** ye This is 1 Samuel 12:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, ye, vain things, people — and what happens in the verse to ye, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹ֖א תָּס֑וּרוּ כִּ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַתֹּ֗הוּ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֛ילוּ וְלֹ֥א יַצִּ֖ילוּ כִּי־תֹ֥הוּ הֵֽמָּה׃ [and turn ye not aside; for then should ye go after vain things which cannot profit nor deliver, for they are vain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.296/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:268 # text = וְלֹ֖א תָּס֑וּרוּ כִּ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַתֹּ֗הוּ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֛ילוּ וְלֹ֥א יַצִּ֖ילוּ כִּי־תֹ֥הוּ הֵֽמָּה׃ # verse = 1SA.12.21 1-2 וְלֹ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:21!1|MId=o090120210011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹ֖א לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_12:21!1|MId=o090120210012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 תָּס֑וּרוּ סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.must.turn.aside|Ref=1SA_12:21!2|MId=o090120210021|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:090120200042;|Type=yiqtol 4 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_12:21!3|MId=o090120210031|Strong=3588 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:21!3 6 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_12:21!4|MId=o090120210041|Strong=0310 7-8 הַתֹּ֗הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_12:21!5|MId=o090120210051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 תֹּ֗הוּ תֹּהוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 advcl _ Gloss=emptiness|Ref=1SA_12:21!5|MId=o090120210052|Strong=8414 9 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_12:21!6|MId=o090120210061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_12:21!7|MId=o090120210071|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 יוֹעִ֛ילוּ יָעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.will.benefit|Ref=1SA_12:21!8|MId=o090120210081|Strong=3276|Frame=AA:090120210052;A0:090120200042;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:21!9|MId=o090120210091|Strong=2050b 13 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_12:21!9|MId=o090120210092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 14 יַצִּ֖ילוּ נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=they.will.rescue|Ref=1SA_12:21!10|MId=o090120210101|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:090120210052;A0:090120200042;|Type=yiqtol 15 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_12:21!11|MId=o090120210111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16 תֹ֥הוּ תֹּהוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 advcl _ Gloss=[are].emptiness|Ref=1SA_12:21!12|MId=o090120210121|Strong=8414 17 הֵֽמָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_12:21!13|MId=o090120210131|Strong=1992|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:21!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תָּסוּרוּ *you must turn aside* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** יוֹעִילוּ *they will benefit* | yiqtol · hiphil | | | | תֹּהוּ *emptiness* | | **not** יַצִּילוּ *they will rescue* | yiqtol · hiphil | | | | תֹּהוּ *emptiness* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלָא תִסְטוּן מִבָּתַר פּוּלְחָנֵיהּ וְלָא תִפְלְחוּן לְטַעֲוָתָא דְאִינוּן לְמָא וְלֵית בְּהוֹן הֲנָאָה וְלָא מְשֵׁיזְבִין אֲרֵי לְמָא אִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and turn ye not aside; for then should ye go after vain things which cannot profit nor deliver, for they are vain.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.296/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:268`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 12:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 12:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/)