--- title: 1 Samuel 12:3 — Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anoint… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.' Who acts: I. 1 Samuel 12:3 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/) / 12:3 # 1 Samuel 12:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** be, witness, take, defraud, oppress, blind · **To what, where:** ox, ass, ransom, eyes, you This is 1 Samuel 12:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to ox, ass, ransom, eyes, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנְנִ֣י עֲנ֣וּ בִי֩ נֶ֨גֶד יְהוָ֜ה וְנֶ֣גֶד מְשִׁיח֗וֹ אֶת־שׁוֹר֩ ׀ מִ֨י לָקַ֜חְתִּי וַחֲמ֧וֹר מִ֣י לָקַ֗חְתִּי וְאֶת־מִ֤י עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִ֣י רַצּ֔וֹתִי וּמִיַּד־מִי֙ לָקַ֣חְתִּי כֹ֔פֶר וְאַעְלִ֥ים עֵינַ֖י בּ֑וֹ וְאָשִׁ֖יב לָכֶֽם׃ [Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.277/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:250 # text = הִנְנִ֣י עֲנ֣וּ בִי֩ נֶ֨גֶד יְהוָ֜ה וְנֶ֣גֶד מְשִׁיח֗וֹ אֶת־שׁוֹר֩ ׀ מִ֨י לָקַ֜חְתִּי וַחֲמ֧וֹר מִ֣י לָקַ֗חְתִּי וְאֶת־מִ֤י עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִ֣י רַצּ֔וֹתִי וּמִיַּד־מִי֙ לָקַ֣חְתִּי כֹ֔פֶר וְאַעְלִ֥ים עֵינַ֖י בּ֑וֹ וְאָשִׁ֖יב לָכֶֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.12.3 1-2 הִנְנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=here|Ref=1SA_12:3!1|MId=o090120030011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 2 ְנִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 nsubj _ Gloss=I.[am]|Ref=1SA_12:3!1|MId=o090120030012|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 3 עֲנ֣וּ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=testify|Ref=1SA_12:3!2|MId=o090120030021|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090120010051;|Type=imperative 4-5 בִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_12:3!3|MId=o090120030031|Strong=0871a 5 ִי֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_12:3!3|MId=o090120030032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 נֶ֨גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_12:3!4|MId=o090120030041|Strong=5048 7 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_12:3!5|MId=o090120030051|Strong=3068 8-9 וְנֶ֣גֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:3!6|MId=o090120030061|Strong=2050b 9 נֶ֣גֶד נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_12:3!6|MId=o090120030062|Strong=5048 10-11 מְשִׁיח֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מְשִׁיח מָשִׁיחַ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_12:3!7|MId=o090120030071|Strong=4899 11 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=anointed|Ref=1SA_12:3!7|MId=o090120030072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:3!8|MId=o090120030081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13 שׁוֹר֩ שׁוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=the.ox|Ref=1SA_12:3!9|MId=o090120030091|Strong=7794 14 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:3!9 15 מִ֨י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.whom?|Ref=1SA_12:3!10|MId=o090120030101|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 ccomp _ Gloss=have.I.taken|Ref=1SA_12:3!11|MId=o090120030111|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090120010021;A1:090120030091;|Type=qatal 17-18 וַחֲמ֧וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:3!12|MId=o090120030121|Strong=2050b 18 חֲמ֧וֹר חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=the.donkey|Ref=1SA_12:3!12|MId=o090120030122|Strong=2543 19 מִ֣י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.whom?|Ref=1SA_12:3!13|MId=o090120030131|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 20 לָקַ֗חְתִּי לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=have.I.taken|Ref=1SA_12:3!14|MId=o090120030141|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090120010021;A1:090120030122;|Type=qatal 21-22 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:3!15|MId=o090120030151|Strong=2050b 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:3!15|MId=o090120030152|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 24 obj _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=1SA_12:3!16|MId=o090120030161|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 24 עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙ עָשַׁק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=have.I.oppressed|Ref=1SA_12:3!17|MId=o090120030171|Strong=6231|Frame=A0:090120010021;A1:090120030161;|Type=qatal 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_12:3!18|MId=o090120030181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26 מִ֣י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 27 obj _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=1SA_12:3!19|MId=o090120030191|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 27 רַצּ֔וֹתִי רָצַץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 parataxis _ Gloss=have.I.crushed|Ref=1SA_12:3!20|MId=o090120030201|Strong=7533|Frame=A0:090120010021;A1:090120030191;|Type=qatal 28-30 וּמִיַּד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:3!21|MId=o090120030211|Strong=2050b 29 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_12:3!21|MId=o090120030212|Strong=4480 30 יַּד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_12:3!21|MId=o090120030213|Strong=3027 31 מִי֙ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.whom?|Ref=1SA_12:3!22|MId=o090120030221|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 32 לָקַ֣חְתִּי לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=have.I.taken|Ref=1SA_12:3!23|MId=o090120030231|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090120010021;A1:090120030241;|Type=qatal 33 כֹ֔פֶר כֹּפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=a.ransom|Ref=1SA_12:3!24|MId=o090120030241|Strong=3724c 34-35 וְאַעְלִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:3!25|MId=o090120030251|Strong=2050b 35 אַעְלִ֥ים עָלַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=I.will.hide|Ref=1SA_12:3!25|MId=o090120030252|Strong=5956|Frame=AA:090120010021;A0:090120030261;|Type=yiqtol 36-37 עֵינַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 עֵינ עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 35 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=1SA_12:3!26|MId=o090120030261|Strong=5869 37 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_12:3!26|MId=o090120030262|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 38-39 בּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_12:3!27|MId=o090120030271|Strong=0871a 39 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_12:3!27|MId=o090120030272|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40-41 וְאָשִׁ֖יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_12:3!28|MId=o090120030281|Strong=2050b 41 אָשִׁ֖יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=I.will.restore.[it]|Ref=1SA_12:3!28|MId=o090120030282|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:090120010021;|Type=yiqtol 42-43 לָכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 ל לְ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_12:3!29|MId=o090120030291|Strong=3807a 43 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 41 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_12:3!29|MId=o090120030292|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=1SA_12:3!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֲנוּ *testify* | imperative · qal | | | | | | לָקַחְתִּי *have I taken* | qatal · qal | | שׁוֹר *the ox* | | | | לָקַחְתִּי *have I taken* | qatal · qal | | חֲמוֹר *the donkey* | | | | עָשַׁקְתִּי *have I oppressed* | qatal · qal | | מִי *whom?* | | | | רַצּוֹתִי *have I crushed* | qatal · qal | | מִי *whom?* | | | | לָקַחְתִּי *have I taken* | qatal · qal | | כֹפֶר *a ransom* | | | | אַעְלִים *I will hide* | yiqtol · hiphil | עֵינ *eyes* | | | | | אָשִׁיב *I will restore \[it\]* | yiqtol · hiphil | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא עַד דִי אֲנָא קַיָם אַסְהִידוּ בִי קֳדָם יְיָ וְקָדָם מְשִׁיחֵיהּ יַת תּוֹרָא דְמַן דַבָּרִית וַחֲמָרָא דְמַן שְׁחָרִית וְיַת מַן עֲשָׁקִית וְיַת מַן אֲנָסִית וּמִיַד מַן קַבְּלִית מָמוֹן דִשְׁקַר וּכְבֵישִׁית עֵינַי בְּדִינָא מִנֵיהּ וַאֲתֵיב לְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.277/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:250`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.2/) - next →: [1 Samuel 12:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/)