--- title: 1 Samuel 13:16 — And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present wit… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeath-benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmas. Who acts: people, Saul, Philistines. 1 Samuel 13:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/13/) / 13:16 # 1 Samuel 13:16 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** people, Saul, Philistines · **What happens:** be, abode, encamp · **To what, where:** Gibeath benjamin, Michmas This is 1 Samuel 13:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, Saul, Philistines — and what happens in the verse to Gibeath benjamin, Michmas, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׁא֞וּל וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְהָעָם֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א עִמָּ֔ם יֹשְׁבִ֖ים בְּגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃ [And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeath-benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmas.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.319/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:288 # text = וְשָׁא֞וּל וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְהָעָם֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א עִמָּ֔ם יֹשְׁבִ֖ים בְּגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃ # verse = 1SA.13.16 1-2 וְשָׁא֞וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:16!1|MId=o090130160011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׁא֞וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_13:16!1|MId=o090130160012|Strong=7586 3-4 וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:16!2|MId=o090130160021|Strong=2050b 4 יוֹנָתָ֣ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_13:16!2|MId=o090130160022|Strong=3129 5-6 בְּנ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=1SA_13:16!3|MId=o090130160031|Strong=1121 6 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_13:16!3|MId=o090130160032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-9 וְהָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:16!4|MId=o090130160041|Strong=2050b 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_13:16!4|MId=o090130160042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_13:16!4|MId=o090130160043|Strong=5971 10-11 הַנִּמְצָ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=[which|Ref=1SA_13:16!5|MId=o090130160051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 נִּמְצָ֣א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=was].found|Ref=1SA_13:16!5|MId=o090130160052|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:090130160043;|Type=participle_active 12-13 עִמָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_13:16!6|MId=o090130160061|Strong=5973 13 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_13:16!6|MId=o090130160062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 יֹשְׁבִ֖ים יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].remaining|Ref=1SA_13:16!7|MId=o090130160071|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090130160012;090130160022;090130160043;|Type=participle_active 15-16 בְּגֶ֣בַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_13:16!8|MId=o090130160081|Strong=0871a 16 גֶ֣בַע גֶּבַע PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Geba|Ref=1SA_13:16!8|MId=o090130160082|Strong=1387 17 בִּנְיָמִ֑ן בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Benjamin|Ref=1SA_13:16!9|MId=o090130160091|Strong=1144 18-19 וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=1SA_13:16!10|MId=o090130160101|Strong=2050b 19 פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_13:16!10|MId=o090130160102|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 20 חָנ֥וּ חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=they.encamped|Ref=1SA_13:16!11|MId=o090130160111|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:090130160102;|Type=qatal 21-22 בְמִכְמָֽשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_13:16!12|MId=o090130160121|Strong=0871a 22 מִכְמָֽשׂ מִכְמָשׂ PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Micmash|Ref=1SA_13:16!12|MId=o090130160122|Strong=4363a 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=1SA_13:16!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִּמְצָא *was\] found* | participle active · niphal | | עָם *people* | | | | יֹשְׁבִים *\[were\] remaining* | participle active · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* + יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + עָם *people* | | | | | חָנוּ *they encamped* | qatal · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *Philistines* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְשָׁאוּל וְיוֹנָתָן בְּרֵיהּ וְעַמָא דְאִשְׁתְּכַח עִמְהוֹן יַתְבִין בְּגִבְעֲתָא דְבֵית בִּנְיָמִן וּפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי שְׁרוֹ בְמִכְמָשׁ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeath-benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmas.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.319/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:288`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 13:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.15/) - next →: [1 Samuel 13:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.17/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/13/)