--- title: 1 Samuel 13:4 — And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten the garrison of the P… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten the garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also had made himself odious with the Philistines. And the people were gathered together after Saul to Gilgal. Who acts: Israel, Saul. 1 Samuel 13:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/13/) / 13:4 # 1 Samuel 13:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Israel, Saul · **What happens:** hear, say, smite, make, gather · **To what, where:** garrison, Saul, people, Gilgal · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 13:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, Saul — and what happens in the verse to garrison, Saul, people, Gilgal, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל שָׁמְע֣וּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־נְצִ֣יב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַם־נִבְאַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ [And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten the garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also had made himself odious with the Philistines.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.305/) [And the people were gathered together after Saul to Gilgal.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.306/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:276 # text = וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל שָׁמְע֣וּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־נְצִ֣יב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַם־נִבְאַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ # verse = 1SA.13.4 1-2 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:4!1|MId=o090130040011|Strong=2050b 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_13:4!1|MId=o090130040012|Strong=3605 3 יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_13:4!2|MId=o090130040021|Strong=3478 4 שָׁמְע֣וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=1SA_13:4!3|MId=o090130040031|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090130040021;|Type=qatal 5-6 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 7 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_13:4!4|MId=o090130040041|Strong=3807a 6 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_13:4!4|MId=o090130040042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090130040021;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 הִכָּ֤ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.attacked|Ref=1SA_13:4!5|MId=o090130040051|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090130040061;A0:090130040081;|Type=qatal 8 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_13:4!6|MId=o090130040061|Strong=7586 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_13:4!7|MId=o090130040071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 נְצִ֣יב נְצִיב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=the.garrison|Ref=1SA_13:4!8|MId=o090130040081|Strong=5333 11 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_13:4!9|MId=o090130040091|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 12-13 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:4!10|MId=o090130040101|Strong=2050b 13 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_13:4!10|MId=o090130040102|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 14 נִבְאַשׁ בָּאַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.has.made.itself.odious|Ref=1SA_13:4!11|MId=o090130040111|Strong=0887|Frame=A0:090130040121;|Type=qatal 15 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_13:4!12|MId=o090130040121|Strong=3478 16-18 בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_13:4!13|MId=o090130040131|Strong=0871a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_13:4!13|MId=o090130040131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_13:4!13|MId=o090130040132|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 19-20 וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:4!14|MId=o090130040141|Strong=2050b 20 יִּצָּעֲק֥וּ צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.were.summoned|Ref=1SA_13:4!14|MId=o090130040142|Strong=6817|Frame=A1:090130040152;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 הָעָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_13:4!15|MId=o090130040151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 עָ֛ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_13:4!15|MId=o090130040152|Strong=5971 23 אַחֲרֵ֥י אַחַר ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_13:4!16|MId=o090130040161|Strong=0310 24 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_13:4!17|MId=o090130040171|Strong=7586 25-26 הַגִּלְגָּֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_13:4!18|MId=o090130040181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 גִּלְגָּֽל גִּלְגָּל PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Gilgal|Ref=1SA_13:4!18|MId=o090130040182|Strong=1537 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_13:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁמְעוּ *they heard* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | הִכָּה *he has attacked* | qatal · hiphil | נְצִיב *the garrison* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | נִבְאַשׁ *it has made itself odious* | qatal · niphal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יִּצָּעֲקוּ *they were summoned* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | עָם *people* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל שְׁמָעוּ לְמֵימַר מְחָא שָׁאוּל יַת אִסְטַרְטִיגֵי פְלִישְׁתָּאֵי וְאַף אִתְגְרִי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ עַמָא בָּתַר שָׁאוּל לְגִלְגָלָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten the garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also had made himself odious with the Philistines.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.305/) 2. [And the people were gathered together after Saul to Gilgal.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.306/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:276`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 13:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 13:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/13/)