--- title: 1 Samuel 13:6 — When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait — for the peop… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait — for the people were distressed — then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in holds, and in pits. Who acts: men, people. 1 Samuel 13:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/13/) / 13:6 # 1 Samuel 13:6 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** men, people · **What happens:** see, be, hide · **To what, where:** strait, people, caves · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 13:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, people — and what happens in the verse to strait, people, caves, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל רָאוּ֙ כִּ֣י צַר־ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖שׂ הָעָ֑ם וַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ הָעָ֗ם בַּמְּעָר֤וֹת וּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙ וּבַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּבַצְּרִחִ֖ים וּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃ [When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait — for the people were distressed — then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in holds, and in pits.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.308/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:278 # text = וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל רָאוּ֙ כִּ֣י צַר־ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖שׂ הָעָ֑ם וַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ הָעָ֗ם בַּמְּעָר֤וֹת וּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙ וּבַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּבַצְּרִחִ֖ים וּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃ # verse = 1SA.13.6 1-2 וְאִ֨ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:6!1|MId=o090130060011|Strong=2050b 2 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=1SA_13:6!1|MId=o090130060012|Strong=0376 3 יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_13:6!2|MId=o090130060021|Strong=3478 4 רָאוּ֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=1SA_13:6!3|MId=o090130060031|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090130060012;A1:090130060051;|Type=qatal 5 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_13:6!4|MId=o090130060041|Strong=3588 6 צַר־ צרר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 ccomp _ Gloss=it.was.distress|Ref=1SA_13:6!5|MId=o090130060051|Strong=6887|Frame=A0:;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_13:6!6|MId=o090130060061|Strong=3807a 8 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_13:6!6|MId=o090130060062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_13:6!7|MId=o090130060071|Strong=3588 10 נִגַּ֖שׂ נָגַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=it.was.hard.pressed|Ref=1SA_13:6!8|MId=o090130060081|Strong=5065|Frame=A0:090130060092;|Type=qatal 11-12 הָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_13:6!9|MId=o090130060091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_13:6!9|MId=o090130060092|Strong=5971 13-14 וַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:6!10|MId=o090130060101|Strong=2050b 14 יִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ חָבָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.hid.themselves|Ref=1SA_13:6!10|MId=o090130060102|Strong=2244|Frame=A0:090130060112;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 הָעָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_13:6!11|MId=o090130060111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_13:6!11|MId=o090130060112|Strong=5971 17-19 בַּמְּעָר֤וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_13:6!12|MId=o090130060121|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_13:6!12|MId=o090130060121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מְּעָר֤וֹת מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=caves|Ref=1SA_13:6!12|MId=o090130060122|Strong=4631 20-23 וּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:6!13|MId=o090130060131|Strong=2050b 21 בַֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_13:6!13|MId=o090130060132|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_13:6!13|MId=o090130060132ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 חֲוָחִים֙ חָוָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 conj _ Gloss=thickets|Ref=1SA_13:6!13|MId=o090130060133|Strong=2337 24-27 וּבַסְּלָעִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:6!14|MId=o090130060141|Strong=2050b 25 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_13:6!14|MId=o090130060142|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_13:6!14|MId=o090130060142ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 סְּלָעִ֔ים סֶלַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 conj _ Gloss=cliffs|Ref=1SA_13:6!14|MId=o090130060143|Strong=5553 28-31 וּבַצְּרִחִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:6!15|MId=o090130060151|Strong=2050b 29 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=in.(the)|Ref=1SA_13:6!15|MId=o090130060152|Strong=0871a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=underground|Ref=1SA_13:6!15|MId=o090130060152ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 צְּרִחִ֖ים צְרִיחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 conj _ Gloss=chambers|Ref=1SA_13:6!15|MId=o090130060153|Strong=6877 32-35 וּבַבֹּרֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_13:6!16|MId=o090130060161|Strong=2050b 33 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_13:6!16|MId=o090130060162|Strong=0871a 34 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_13:6!16|MId=o090130060162ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 בֹּרֽוֹת בּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 conj _ Gloss=cisterns|Ref=1SA_13:6!16|MId=o090130060163|Strong=0953 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_13:6!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאוּ *they saw* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *everyone* | צַר־ *it was distress* | | | | צַר־ *it was distress* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נִגַּשׂ *it was hard pressed* | qatal · niphal | עָם *people* | | | | | יִּֽתְחַבְּאוּ *they hid themselves* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וֶאֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל חֲזוֹ אֲרֵי עָקַת לְהוֹן אֲרֵי אִידְחַק עַמָא וְאִטַמָרוּ עַמָא בִּמְעָרָתָא וּבִמְצָדָתָא וּבִשְׁקִיפֵי כֵיפַיָא וּבִמְעָרַת טִינָרָא וּבְגוּבַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait — for the people were distressed — then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in holds, and in pits.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.308/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:278`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 13:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.5/) - next →: [1 Samuel 13:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.7/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/13/)