--- title: 1 Samuel 14:1 — Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on yonder side. But he told not his father. Who acts: Jonathan, young man, us, garrison. 1 Samuel 14:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:1 # 1 Samuel 14:1 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, young man, us, garrison · **What happens:** fall, say, bear, come, let, go over · **To what, where:** it, armour, us, yonder side, father · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 14:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, young man, us, garrison — and what happens in the verse to it, armour, us, yonder side, father, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֤ן בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֙עַר֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו לְכָ֗ה וְנַעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַלָּ֑ז וּלְאָבִ֖יו לֹ֥א הִגִּֽיד׃ [Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on yonder side.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.327/) [But he told not his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.328/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:296 # text = וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֤ן בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֙עַר֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו לְכָ֗ה וְנַעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַלָּ֑ז וּלְאָבִ֖יו לֹ֥א הִגִּֽיד׃ # verse = 1SA.14.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:1!1|MId=o090140010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_14:1!1|MId=o090140010012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090140010022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַיּ֗וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:1!2|MId=o090140010021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 יּ֗וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_14:1!2|MId=o090140010022|Strong=3117 5-6 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:1!3|MId=o090140010031|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_14:1!3|MId=o090140010032|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140010041;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 יוֹנָתָ֤ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:1!4|MId=o090140010041|Strong=3129 8 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1SA_14:1!5|MId=o090140010051|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 9 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_14:1!6|MId=o090140010061|Strong=7586 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:1!7|MId=o090140010071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַנַּ֙עַר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=1SA_14:1!8|MId=o090140010081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 נַּ֙עַר֙ נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_14:1!8|MId=o090140010082|Strong=5288 13 נֹשֵׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1SA_14:1!9|MId=o090140010091|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090140010082;A1:090140010101;|Type=participle_active 14-15 כֵלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כֵלָ֔י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1SA_14:1!10|MId=o090140010101|Strong=3627 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:1!10|MId=o090140010102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 לְכָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְכ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 ccomp _ Gloss=come|Ref=1SA_14:1!11|MId=o090140010111|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090140010082;|Type=imperative 17 ָ֗ה ה X _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_14:1!11|MId=o090140010112|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 18-19 וְנַעְבְּרָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:1!12|MId=o090140010121|Strong=2050b 19 נַעְבְּרָה֙ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=let.us.pass.over|Ref=1SA_14:1!12|MId=o090140010122|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090140010041;090140010082;|Type=cohortative 20 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:1!13|MId=o090140010131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 21 מַצַּ֣ב מַצָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the.garrison|Ref=1SA_14:1!14|MId=o090140010141|Strong=4673 22 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_14:1!15|MId=o090140010151|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 23 אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_14:1!16|MId=o090140010161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24-25 מֵעֵ֣בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=[is].from|Ref=1SA_14:1!17|MId=o090140010171|Strong=4480 25 עֵ֣בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=1SA_14:1!17|MId=o090140010172|Strong=5676 26 הַלָּ֑ז הַ ADJ _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 25 amod _ Gloss=of.this|Ref=1SA_14:1!18|MId=o090140010181|Strong=1975|Type=demonstrative 27-30 וּלְאָבִ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:1!19|MId=o090140010191|Strong=2050b 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:1!19|MId=o090140010192|Strong=3807a 29 אָבִ֖י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=father|Ref=1SA_14:1!19|MId=o090140010193|Strong=0001 30 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:1!19|MId=o090140010194|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_14:1!20|MId=o090140010201|Strong=3808|Type=negative 32 הִגִּֽיד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=he.told|Ref=1SA_14:1!21|MId=o090140010211|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:090140010041;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:1!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | יּוֹם *day* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | נַּעַר *man* | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | לְכ *come* | imperative · qal | נַּעַר *man* | | | | | נַעְבְּרָה *let us pass over* | cohortative · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + נַּעַר *man* | | | | | **not** הִגִּֽיד *he told* | qatal · hiphil | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה יוֹמָא וַאֲמַר יוֹנָתָן בַּר שָׁאוּל לְעוּלֵימָא נָטֵיל זְיָנֵיהּ אִיתָא וְנֶעְבַד לְאִסְטַרְטִיג פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי דְמֵעֶבְרָא דֵיכִי וְלַאֲבוּהִי לָא חַוֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on yonder side.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.327/) 2. [But he told not his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.328/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:296`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 13:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.23/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)