--- title: 1 Samuel 14:12 — And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.' Who acts: men, we, Jonathan, LORD. 1 Samuel 14:12 in H --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:12 # 1 Samuel 14:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** men, we, Jonathan, LORD · **What happens:** speak, say, come up, show, deliver · **To what, where:** Jonathan, us, thing, you, passes, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 14:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, we, Jonathan, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Jonathan, us, thing, you, passes, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲנוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֣ן ׀ וְאֶת־נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ עֲל֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑רפ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֤א כֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.340/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:307 # text = וַיַּעֲנוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֣ן ׀ וְאֶת־נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ עֲל֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑רפ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֤א כֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = 1SA.14.12 1-2 וַיַּעֲנוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:12!1|MId=o090140120011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲנוּ֩ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.answered|Ref=1SA_14:12!1|MId=o090140120012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090140120021;A1:090140120051;090140120071;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַנְשֵׁ֨י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=1SA_14:12!2|MId=o090140120021|Strong=0376 4-5 הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:12!3|MId=o090140120031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מַּצָּבָ֜ה מִצָּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.garrison|Ref=1SA_14:12!3|MId=o090140120032|Strong=4675 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_14:12!4|MId=o090140120041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7 יוֹנָתָ֣ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:12!5|MId=o090140120051|Strong=3129 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:12!5 9-10 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:12!6|MId=o090140120061|Strong=2050b 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_14:12!6|MId=o090140120062|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11 נֹשֵׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1SA_14:12!7|MId=o090140120071|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090140060042;A1:090140120081;|Type=participle_active 12-13 כֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כֵלָ֗י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1SA_14:12!8|MId=o090140120081|Strong=3627 13 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:12!8|MId=o090140120082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:12!9|MId=o090140120091|Strong=2050b 15 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1SA_14:12!9|MId=o090140120092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 עֲל֣וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 ccomp _ Gloss=come.up|Ref=1SA_14:12!10|MId=o090140120101|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090140120051;090140120071;|Type=imperative 17-18 אֵלֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵלֵ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:12!11|MId=o090140120111|Strong=0413 18 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_14:12!11|MId=o090140120112|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:12!12|MId=o090140120121|Strong=2050b 20 נוֹדִ֥יעָה יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=we.will.make.known.to|Ref=1SA_14:12!12|MId=o090140120122|Strong=3045|Frame=AA:090140120021;A0:090140120132;A1:090140120141;|Type=cohortative 21-22 אֶתְכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_14:12!13|MId=o090140120131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22 ְכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_14:12!13|MId=o090140120132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 23 דָּבָ֑ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 xcomp _ Gloss=something|Ref=1SA_14:12!14|MId=o090140120141|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 24 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:12!14 25-26 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:12!15|MId=o090140120151|Strong=2050b 26 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_14:12!15|MId=o090140120152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140120171;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 יוֹנָתָ֜ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:12!16|MId=o090140120161|Strong=3129 28 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:12!17|MId=o090140120171|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 29 נֹשֵׂ֤א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 26 advcl _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1SA_14:12!18|MId=o090140120181|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090140060042;A1:090140120201;|Type=participle_active 30-31 כֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 כֵלָי כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1SA_14:12!19|MId=o090140120191|Strong=3627 31 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:12!19|MId=o090140120192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32 עֲלֵ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 26 ccomp _ Gloss=come.up|Ref=1SA_14:12!20|MId=o090140120201|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090140120191;|Type=imperative 33-34 אַחֲרַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 אַחֲר אַחַר ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_14:12!21|MId=o090140120211|Strong=0310 34 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_14:12!21|MId=o090140120212|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_14:12!22|MId=o090140120221|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 נְתָנָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 נְתָנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 32 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_14:12!23|MId=o090140120231|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:090140120242;A0:090140120251;|Type=qatal 37 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ Gloss=has.given.them|Ref=1SA_14:12!23|MId=o090140120232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 38 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 36 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_14:12!24|MId=o090140120241|Strong=3068 39-40 בְּיַ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_14:12!25|MId=o090140120251|Strong=0871a 40 יַ֥ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_14:12!25|MId=o090140120252|Strong=3027 41 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_14:12!26|MId=o090140120261|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:12!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲנוּ *they answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | עֲלוּ *come up* | imperative · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | | | | | נוֹדִיעָה *we will make known to* | cohortative · hiphil | ְכֶם *you* | דָּבָר *something* | | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶל־ *to* | | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | | עֲלֵה *come up* | | | | עֲלֵה *come up* | imperative · qal | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | | נְתָנ *he* | qatal · qal | בְּ *in* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתִיבוּ אֱנָשֵׁי מַטַרְתָּא יַת יוֹנָתָן וְיַת נְטַל זְיָנֵיהּ וַאֲמָרוּ סָקוּ עֲלָנָא וּנְהוֹדַע יַתְכוֹן פִּתְגָמָא וַאֲמַר יוֹנָתָן לִנְטַל זְיָנֵיהּ סַק בַּתְרַי אֲרֵי מַסְרִינוּן יְיָ בִּידָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.340/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:307`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)