--- title: 1 Samuel 14:13 — And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his ar… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armour-bearer after him; and they fell before Jonathan; and his armour-bearer slew them after him. Who acts: Jonathan, passes, armour bearer. 1 Samuel 14:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:13 # 1 Samuel 14:13 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, passes, armour bearer · **What happens:** climb up, fall, slay · **To what, where:** hands, Jonathan, passes This is 1 Samuel 14:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, passes, armour bearer — and what happens in the verse to hands, Jonathan, passes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣עַל יוֹנָתָ֗ן עַל־יָדָיו֙ וְעַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו אַחֲרָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יוֹנָתָ֔ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו מְמוֹתֵ֥ת אַחֲרָֽיו׃ [And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armour-bearer after him; and they fell before Jonathan; and his armour-bearer slew them after him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.341/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:308 # text = וַיַּ֣עַל יוֹנָתָ֗ן עַל־יָדָיו֙ וְעַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו אַחֲרָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יוֹנָתָ֔ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו מְמוֹתֵ֥ת אַחֲרָֽיו׃ # verse = 1SA.14.13 1-2 וַיַּ֣עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:13!1|MId=o090140130011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went.up|Ref=1SA_14:13!1|MId=o090140130012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090140130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹנָתָ֗ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:13!2|MId=o090140130021|Strong=3129 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_14:13!3|MId=o090140130031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 יָדָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 יָדָי יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 2 obl _ Gloss=hands|Ref=1SA_14:13!4|MId=o090140130041|Strong=3027 6 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:13!4|MId=o090140130042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:13!5|MId=o090140130051|Strong=2050b 8 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_14:13!5|MId=o090140130052|Strong=5921 9-10 רַגְלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 רַגְלָ֔י רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 5 conj _ Gloss=feet|Ref=1SA_14:13!6|MId=o090140130061|Strong=7272 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:13!6|MId=o090140130062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וְנֹשֵׂ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:13!7|MId=o090140130071|Strong=2050b 12 נֹשֵׂ֥א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1SA_14:13!7|MId=o090140130072|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090140060042;A1:090140130081;|Type=participle_active 13-14 כֵלָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כֵלָ֖י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1SA_14:13!8|MId=o090140130081|Strong=3627 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:13!8|MId=o090140130082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 אַחֲרָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אַחֲרָ֑י אַחַר ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[was].behind|Ref=1SA_14:13!9|MId=o090140130091|Strong=0310 16 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_14:13!9|MId=o090140130092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:13!10|MId=o090140130101|Strong=2050b 18 יִּפְּלוּ֙ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fell|Ref=1SA_14:13!10|MId=o090140130102|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090140120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_14:13!11|MId=o090140130111|Strong=3807a 20 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_14:13!11|MId=o090140130112|Strong=6440 21 יוֹנָתָ֔ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:13!12|MId=o090140130121|Strong=3129 22-23 וְנֹשֵׂ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:13!13|MId=o090140130131|Strong=2050b 23 נֹשֵׂ֥א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=the.bearer|Ref=1SA_14:13!13|MId=o090140130132|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090140060042;A1:090140130141;|Type=participle_active 24-25 כֵלָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כֵלָ֖י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.armor(s)|Ref=1SA_14:13!14|MId=o090140130141|Strong=3627 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:13!14|MId=o090140130142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 מְמוֹתֵ֥ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].killing|Ref=1SA_14:13!15|MId=o090140130151|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090140130132;A1:090140120021;|Type=participle_active 27-28 אַחֲרָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אַחֲרָֽי אַחַר ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=behind|Ref=1SA_14:13!16|MId=o090140130161|Strong=0310 28 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_14:13!16|MId=o090140130162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:13!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַל *he went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | יִּפְּלוּ *they fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | participle active · qal | | כֵלָי *his armor(s)* | | | | מְמוֹתֵת *\[was\] killing* | participle active · polel | נֹשֵׂא *the bearer* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּסְלִיק יוֹנָתָן עַל יְדוֹהִי וְעַל רַגְלוֹהִי וּנָטַל זְיָנֵיהּ בַּתְרוֹהִי וּנְפָלוּ מְטַעֲנִין קֳדָם יוֹנָתָן וְנָטַל זְיָנֵיהּ מֵמִית בַּתְרוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armour-bearer after him; and they fell before Jonathan; and his armour-bearer slew them after him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.341/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:308`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.12/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.14/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)