--- title: 1 Samuel 14:15 — And there was a trembling in the camp in the field, and among all th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there was a trembling in the camp in the field, and among all the people; the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled; and the earth quaked; so it grew into a terror from God. Who acts: trembling, earth. 1 Samuel 14:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:15 # 1 Samuel 14:15 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** trembling, earth · **What happens:** be, tremble, quake, grow · **To what, where:** terror This is 1 Samuel 14:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — trembling, earth — and what happens in the verse to terror, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתְּהִי֩ חֲרָדָ֨ה בַמַּחֲנֶ֤ה בַשָּׂדֶה֙ וּבְכָל־הָעָ֔ם הַמַּצָּב֙ וְהַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית חָרְד֖וּ גַּם־הֵ֑מָּה וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִ֖י לְחֶרְדַּ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ [And there was a trembling in the camp in the field, and among all the people; the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled; and the earth quaked; so it grew into a terror from God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.343/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:310 # text = וַתְּהִי֩ חֲרָדָ֨ה בַמַּחֲנֶ֤ה בַשָּׂדֶה֙ וּבְכָל־הָעָ֔ם הַמַּצָּב֙ וְהַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית חָרְד֖וּ גַּם־הֵ֑מָּה וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִ֖י לְחֶרְדַּ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ # verse = 1SA.14.15 1-2 וַתְּהִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:15!1|MId=o090140150011|Strong=2050b 2 תְּהִי֩ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_14:15!1|MId=o090140150012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090140150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 חֲרָדָ֨ה חֲרָדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=trembling|Ref=1SA_14:15!2|MId=o090140150021|Strong=2731 4-6 בַמַּחֲנֶ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_14:15!3|MId=o090140150031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:15!3|MId=o090140150031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מַּחֲנֶ֤ה מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=camp|Ref=1SA_14:15!3|MId=o090140150032|Strong=4264 7-9 בַשָּׂדֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_14:15!4|MId=o090140150041|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:15!4|MId=o090140150041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 שָּׂדֶה֙ שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=field|Ref=1SA_14:15!4|MId=o090140150042|Strong=7704 10-12 וּבְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:15!5|MId=o090140150051|Strong=2050b 11 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1SA_14:15!5|MId=o090140150052|Strong=0871a 12 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_14:15!5|MId=o090140150053|Strong=3605 13-14 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:15!6|MId=o090140150061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:15!6|MId=o090140150062|Strong=5971 15-16 הַמַּצָּב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:15!7|MId=o090140150071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מַּצָּב֙ מַצָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 dislocated _ Gloss=garrison|Ref=1SA_14:15!7|MId=o090140150072|Strong=4673 17-19 וְהַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:15!8|MId=o090140150081|Strong=2050b 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:15!8|MId=o090140150082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מַּשְׁחִ֔ית מַשְׁחִית NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=destroyer|Ref=1SA_14:15!8|MId=o090140150083|Strong=4889 20 חָרְד֖וּ חָרַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.trembled|Ref=1SA_14:15!9|MId=o090140150091|Strong=2729|Frame=A0:090140150111;|Type=qatal 21 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_14:15!10|MId=o090140150101|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 22 הֵ֑מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_14:15!11|MId=o090140150111|Strong=1992|Type=personal 23-24 וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:15!12|MId=o090140150121|Strong=2050b 24 תִּרְגַּ֣ז רָגַז VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.quaked|Ref=1SA_14:15!12|MId=o090140150122|Strong=7264|Frame=A0:090140150132;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:15!13|MId=o090140150131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=1SA_14:15!13|MId=o090140150132|Strong=0776 27-28 וַתְּהִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:15!14|MId=o090140150141|Strong=2050b 28 תְּהִ֖י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.became|Ref=1SA_14:15!14|MId=o090140150142|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090140150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 29-30 לְחֶרְדַּ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=1SA_14:15!15|MId=o090140150151|Strong=3807a 30 חֶרְדַּ֥ת חֲרָדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=trembling|Ref=1SA_14:15!15|MId=o090140150152|Strong=2731 31 אֱלֹהִֽים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=1SA_14:15!16|MId=o090140150161|Strong=0430|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:15!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֲרָדָה *trembling* | | | | | חָרְדוּ *they trembled* | qatal · qal | הֵמָּה *they* | | | | | תִּרְגַּז *it quaked* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | | תְּהִי *it became* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֲרָדָה *trembling* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוַת זִיעָא בְּמַשְׁרִיתָא בְּחַקְלָא וּבְכָל עַמָא אִסְטַרְטִיגָא וּמְחַבְּלָא זָעוּ אַף אִינוּן וְזָעַת אַרְעָא וַהֲוַת לְזִיעַ מִן קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there was a trembling in the camp in the field, and among all the people; the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled; and the earth quaked; so it grew into a terror from God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.343/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:310`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.14/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.16/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)