--- title: 1 Samuel 14:21 — Now the Hebrews that were with the Philistines as beforetime, and th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now the Hebrews that were with the Philistines as beforetime, and that went up with them into the camp round about; even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan. Who acts: Hebrews, that, Philistines, Israelites. 1 Samuel 14:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:21 # 1 Samuel 14:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Hebrews, that, Philistines, Israelites · **What happens:** be, go up, turn · **To what, where:** camp This is 1 Samuel 14:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Hebrews, that, Philistines, Israelites — and what happens in the verse to camp, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים הָי֤וּ לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָל֥וּ עִמָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה סָבִ֑יב וְגַם־הֵ֗מָּה לִֽהְיוֹת֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שָׁא֖וּל וְיוֹנָתָֽן׃ [Now the Hebrews that were with the Philistines as beforetime, and that went up with them into the camp round about; even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.349/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:316 # text = וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים הָי֤וּ לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָל֥וּ עִמָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה סָבִ֑יב וְגַם־הֵ֗מָּה לִֽהְיוֹת֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שָׁא֖וּל וְיוֹנָתָֽן׃ # verse = 1SA.14.21 1-3 וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:21!1|MId=o090140210011|Strong=2050b 2 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:21!1|MId=o090140210012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 עִבְרִ֗ים עִבְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 dislocated _ Gloss=Hebrews|Ref=1SA_14:21!1|MId=o090140210013|Strong=5680|Type=gentilic 4 הָי֤וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 cop _ Gloss=[who].they.had.belonged|Ref=1SA_14:21!2|MId=o090140210021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090140210013;|Type=qatal 5-7 לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:21!3|MId=o090140210031|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:21!3|MId=o090140210031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 acl _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_14:21!3|MId=o090140210032|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 8-9 כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=1SA_14:21!4|MId=o090140210041|Strong=3509a 9 אֶתְמ֣וֹל אֶתְמוֹל ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=yesterday|Ref=1SA_14:21!4|MId=o090140210042|Strong=0865 10 שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם שִׁלְשֹׁום ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 advmod _ Gloss=three.days.ago|Ref=1SA_14:21!5|MId=o090140210051|Strong=8032 11 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_14:21!6|MId=o090140210061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 עָל֥וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.gone.up|Ref=1SA_14:21!7|MId=o090140210071|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090140210013;|Type=qatal 13-14 עִמָּ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_14:21!8|MId=o090140210081|Strong=5973 14 ָ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_14:21!8|MId=o090140210082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-17 בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_14:21!9|MId=o090140210091|Strong=0871a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:21!9|MId=o090140210091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מַּחֲנֶ֖ה מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=camp|Ref=1SA_14:21!9|MId=o090140210092|Strong=4264 18 סָבִ֑יב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 17 advmod _ Gloss=all.around|Ref=1SA_14:21!10|MId=o090140210101|Strong=5439 19-20 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:21!11|MId=o090140210111|Strong=2050b 20 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_14:21!11|MId=o090140210112|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 21 הֵ֗מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_14:21!12|MId=o090140210121|Strong=1992|Type=personal 22-23 לִֽהְיוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:21!13|MId=o090140210131|Strong=3807a 23 הְיוֹת֙ הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=1SA_14:21!13|MId=o090140210132|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090140210013;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_14:21!14|MId=o090140210141|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 25 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_14:21!15|MId=o090140210151|Strong=3478 26 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_14:21!16|MId=o090140210161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 27 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=[was].with|Ref=1SA_14:21!17|MId=o090140210171|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 28 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 25 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_14:21!18|MId=o090140210181|Strong=7586 29-30 וְיוֹנָתָֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:21!19|MId=o090140210191|Strong=2050b 30 יוֹנָתָֽן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 28 conj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:21!19|MId=o090140210192|Strong=3129 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:21!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיוּ *\[who\] they had belonged* | qatal · qal | עִבְרִים *Hebrews* | | | | | עָלוּ *they had gone up* | qatal · qal | עִבְרִים *Hebrews* | | | | | הְיוֹת *be* | infinitive construct · qal | עִבְרִים *Hebrews* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהוּדָאֵי הֲווֹ לִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי כְּמֵאִתְמָלֵי וּמִדְקָדָמוֹהִי דִסְלִיקוּ עִמְהוֹן בְּמַשְׁרִיתָא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר וְאַף אִינוּן תָּבוּ לְמֶהֱוֵי עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל דְעִם שָׁאוּל וְיוֹנָתָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now the Hebrews that were with the Philistines as beforetime, and that went up with them into the camp round about; even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.349/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:316`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)