--- title: 1 Samuel 14:28 — Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly char… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying: Cursed be the man that eateth food this day; and the people are faint.' Who acts: one, father, man, people. 1 Samuel 14:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:28 # 1 Samuel 14:28 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** one, father, man, people · **What happens:** answer, say, charge, curse, eat, be · **To what, where:** people, man, food · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 14:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, father, man, people — and what happens in the verse to people, man, food, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעַן֩ אִ֨ישׁ מֵֽהָעָ֜ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַשְׁבֵּעַ֩ הִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אָבִ֤יךָ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֥וּר הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיָּ֖עַף הָעָֽם׃ [Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying: Cursed be the man that eateth food this day; and the people are faint.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.356/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:323 # text = וַיַּעַן֩ אִ֨ישׁ מֵֽהָעָ֜ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַשְׁבֵּעַ֩ הִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אָבִ֤יךָ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֥וּר הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיָּ֖עַף הָעָֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.14.28 1-2 וַיַּעַן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:28!1|MId=o090140280011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעַן֩ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1SA_14:28!1|MId=o090140280012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090140280021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=1SA_14:28!2|MId=o090140280021|Strong=0376 4-6 מֵֽהָעָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:28!3|MId=o090140280031|Strong=4480 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:28!3|MId=o090140280032|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 עָ֜ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:28!3|MId=o090140280033|Strong=5971 7-8 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:28!4|MId=o090140280041|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_14:28!4|MId=o090140280042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140280021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 הַשְׁבֵּעַ֩ שָׁבַע VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 10 obl:npmod _ Gloss=indeed.(swear.an.oath)|Ref=1SA_14:28!5|MId=o090140280051|Strong=7650|Type=infinitive_absolute 10 הִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 ccomp _ Gloss=he.made.to.swear.an.oath|Ref=1SA_14:28!6|MId=o090140280061|Strong=7650|Frame=AA:090140280071;A0:090140280092;|Type=qatal 11-12 אָבִ֤יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אָבִ֤י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=1SA_14:28!7|MId=o090140280071|Strong=0001 12 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_14:28!7|MId=o090140280072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_14:28!8|MId=o090140280081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:28!9|MId=o090140280091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:28!9|MId=o090140280092|Strong=5971 16-17 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 18 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_14:28!10|MId=o090140280101|Strong=3807a 17 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_14:28!10|MId=o090140280102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140280071;|Type=infinitive_construct 18 אָר֥וּר אָרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 advcl _ Gloss=[be].cursed|Ref=1SA_14:28!11|MId=o090140280111|Strong=0779|Frame=A1:090140280122;|Type=participle_passive 19-20 הָאִ֛ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:28!12|MId=o090140280121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אִ֛ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=person|Ref=1SA_14:28!12|MId=o090140280122|Strong=0376 21 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_14:28!13|MId=o090140280131|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 22 יֹ֥אכַל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.eat|Ref=1SA_14:28!14|MId=o090140280141|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090140280122;A1:090140280151;|Type=yiqtol 23 לֶ֖חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=1SA_14:28!15|MId=o090140280151|Strong=3899 24-25 הַיּ֑וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_14:28!16|MId=o090140280161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יּ֑וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_14:28!16|MId=o090140280162|Strong=3117 26-27 וַיָּ֖עַף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:28!17|MId=o090140280171|Strong=2050b 27 יָּ֖עַף עיף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.weary|Ref=1SA_14:28!17|MId=o090140280172|Strong=5888|Frame=A0:090140280182;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:28!18|MId=o090140280181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:28!18|MId=o090140280182|Strong=5971 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:28!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a person* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a person* | | | | | הִשְׁבִּיעַ *he made to swear an oath* | qatal · hiphil | עָם *people* | | | אָבִי *father* | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אָבִי *father* | | | | | אָרוּר *\[be\] cursed* | participle passive · qal | | אִישׁ *person* | | | | יֹאכַל *he will eat* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *person* | לֶחֶם *food* | | | | יָּעַף *it was weary* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָֽם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב גַבְרָא חַד מֵעַמָא וַאֲמַר אוֹמָאָה אוֹמֵי אֲבוּךְ יַת עַמָא לְמֵימַר לִיט גַבְרָא דְיֵכוּל לַחְמָא יוֹמָא דֵין וְאִשְׁתַּלְהֵי עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying: Cursed be the man that eateth food this day; and the people are faint.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.356/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:323`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.27/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.29/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)