--- title: 1 Samuel 14:3 — and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phineha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone. Who acts: Ahijah, people, Jonathan. 1 Samuel 14:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:3 # 1 Samuel 14:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Ahijah, people, Jonathan · **What happens:** wear, not know, go · **To what, where:** ephod · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 14:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahijah, people, Jonathan — and what happens in the verse to ephod, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה בֶן־אֲחִט֡וּב אֲחִ֡י אִיכָב֣וֹד ׀ בֶּן־פִּינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־עֵלִ֜י כֹּהֵ֧ן ׀ יְהוָ֛ה בְּשִׁל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֣א אֵפ֑וֹד וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י הָלַ֖ךְ יוֹנָתָֽן׃ [and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.330/) [And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.331/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:298 # text = וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה בֶן־אֲחִט֡וּב אֲחִ֡י אִיכָב֣וֹד ׀ בֶּן־פִּינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־עֵלִ֜י כֹּהֵ֧ן ׀ יְהוָ֛ה בְּשִׁל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֣א אֵפ֑וֹד וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י הָלַ֖ךְ יוֹנָתָֽן׃ # verse = 1SA.14.3 1-2 וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:3!1|MId=o090140030011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲחִיָּ֣ה אֲחִיָּה PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahijah|Ref=1SA_14:3!1|MId=o090140030012|Strong=0281 3 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1SA_14:3!2|MId=o090140030021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 אֲחִט֡וּב אֲחִיטוּב PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahitub|Ref=1SA_14:3!3|MId=o090140030031|Strong=0285 5 אֲחִ֡י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.brother|Ref=1SA_14:3!4|MId=o090140030041|Strong=0251 6 אִיכָב֣וֹד אִיכָבוֹד PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ichabod|Ref=1SA_14:3!5|MId=o090140030051|Strong=0350 7 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:3!5 8 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1SA_14:3!6|MId=o090140030061|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 9 פִּינְחָ֨ס פִּינְחָס PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Phinehas|Ref=1SA_14:3!7|MId=o090140030071|Strong=6372 10 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1SA_14:3!8|MId=o090140030081|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 11 עֵלִ֜י עֵלִי PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Eli|Ref=1SA_14:3!9|MId=o090140030091|Strong=5941 12 כֹּהֵ֧ן כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=the.priest|Ref=1SA_14:3!10|MId=o090140030101|Strong=3548 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:3!10 14 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_14:3!11|MId=o090140030111|Strong=3068 15-16 בְּשִׁל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_14:3!12|MId=o090140030121|Strong=0871a 16 שִׁל֖וֹ שִׁלוֹ PROPN _ _ 12 nmod _ Gloss=Shiloh|Ref=1SA_14:3!12|MId=o090140030122|Strong=7887 17 נֹשֵׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].bearing|Ref=1SA_14:3!13|MId=o090140030131|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090140030012;A1:090140030141;|Type=participle_active 18 אֵפ֑וֹד אֵפֹד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=an.ephod|Ref=1SA_14:3!14|MId=o090140030141|Strong=0646 19-21 וְהָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:3!15|MId=o090140030151|Strong=2050b 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:3!15|MId=o090140030152|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:3!15|MId=o090140030153|Strong=5971 22 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_14:3!16|MId=o090140030161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 יָדַ֔ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=it.knew|Ref=1SA_14:3!17|MId=o090140030171|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090140030153;A1:090140030191;|Type=qatal 24 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_14:3!18|MId=o090140030181|Strong=3588 25 הָלַ֖ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.gone|Ref=1SA_14:3!19|MId=o090140030191|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090140030201;|Type=qatal 26 יוֹנָתָֽן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:3!20|MId=o090140030201|Strong=3129|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:3!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נֹשֵׂא *\[was\] bearing* | participle active · qal | אֲחִיָּה *Ahijah* | אֵפוֹד *an ephod* | | | | **not** יָדַע *it knew* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | הָלַךְ *he had gone* | | | | הָלַךְ *he had gone* | qatal · qal | יוֹנָתָֽן *Jonathan* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲחִיָה בַּר אֲחִיטוּב אֲחוּהִי דְאִיכָבוֹד בַּר פִּינְחָס בַּר עֵלִי כָּהֵין מְשַׁמֵשׁ קֳדָם יְיָ בְּשִׁילֹה לָבֵישׁ אֵיפוֹדָא וְעַמָא לָא יְדַע אֲרֵי אֲזַל יוֹנָתָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.330/) 2. [And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.331/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:298`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.2/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)