--- title: 1 Samuel 14:38 — And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and k… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day. Who acts: Saul, sin. 1 Samuel 14:38 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.38/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:38 # 1 Samuel 14:38 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, sin · **What happens:** say, draw, know, see, be · **To what, where:** day · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 14:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, sin — and what happens in the verse to day, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ הֲלֹ֔ם כֹּ֖ל פִּנּ֣וֹת הָעָ֑ם וּדְע֣וּ וּרְא֔וּ בַּמָּ֗ה הָֽיְתָ֛ה הַחַטָּ֥את הַזֹּ֖את הַיּֽוֹם׃ [And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.366/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:333 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ הֲלֹ֔ם כֹּ֖ל פִּנּ֣וֹת הָעָ֑ם וּדְע֣וּ וּרְא֔וּ בַּמָּ֗ה הָֽיְתָ֛ה הַחַטָּ֥את הַזֹּ֖את הַיּֽוֹם׃ # verse = 1SA.14.38 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:38!1|MId=o090140380011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_14:38!1|MId=o090140380012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140380021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_14:38!2|MId=o090140380021|Strong=7586 4 גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=draw.near|Ref=1SA_14:38!3|MId=o090140380031|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:090140380061;|Type=imperative 5 הֲלֹ֔ם הֲלֹם ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=here|Ref=1SA_14:38!4|MId=o090140380041|Strong=1988 6 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=O.all|Ref=1SA_14:38!5|MId=o090140380051|Strong=3605 7 פִּנּ֣וֹת פִּנָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.corners|Ref=1SA_14:38!6|MId=o090140380061|Strong=6438 8-9 הָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:38!7|MId=o090140380071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=1SA_14:38!7|MId=o090140380072|Strong=5971 10-11 וּדְע֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:38!8|MId=o090140380081|Strong=2050b 11 דְע֣וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=know|Ref=1SA_14:38!8|MId=o090140380082|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090140380061;A1:090140380111;|Type=imperative 12-13 וּרְא֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:38!9|MId=o090140380091|Strong=2050b 13 רְא֔וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=see|Ref=1SA_14:38!9|MId=o090140380092|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090140380061;A1:090140380111;|Type=imperative 14-15 בַּמָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_14:38!10|MId=o090140380101|Strong=0871a 15 מָּ֗ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 11 ccomp _ Gloss=how?|Ref=1SA_14:38!10|MId=o090140380102|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 16 הָֽיְתָ֛ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 cop _ Gloss=has.it.happened|Ref=1SA_14:38!11|MId=o090140380111|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090140380122;|Type=qatal 17-18 הַחַטָּ֥את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:38!12|MId=o090140380121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 חַטָּ֥את חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=sin|Ref=1SA_14:38!12|MId=o090140380122|Strong=2403 19-20 הַזֹּ֖את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_14:38!13|MId=o090140380131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 זֹּ֖את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_14:38!13|MId=o090140380132|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 21-22 הַיּֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_14:38!14|MId=o090140380141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יּֽוֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_14:38!14|MId=o090140380142|Strong=3117 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:38!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | גֹּשֽׁוּ *draw near* | imperative · qal | פִּנּוֹת *the corners* | | | | | דְעוּ *know* | imperative · qal | פִּנּוֹת *the corners* | הָֽיְתָה *has it happened* | | | | רְאוּ *see* | imperative · qal | פִּנּוֹת *the corners* | הָֽיְתָה *has it happened* | | | | הָֽיְתָה *has it happened* | qatal · qal | חַטָּאת *sin* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל אִתְקְרִיבוּ הַלְכָא כָּל רֵישֵׁי עַמָא וּדְעוֹ וַחֲזוֹ בְּמָן הֲוַת חוֹבָא הָדֵין יוֹמָא דֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.366/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:333`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.37/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.39/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)