--- title: 1 Samuel 14:39 — For, as the LORD liveth, who saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For, as the LORD liveth, who saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die.' But there was not a man among all the people that answered him. Who acts: LORD, sin, man. 1 Samuel 14:39 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:39 # 1 Samuel 14:39 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** LORD, sin, man · **What happens:** live, save, be, die, not be, answer · **To what, where:** Israel, Jonathan, man This is 1 Samuel 14:39 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, sin, man — and what happens in the verse to Israel, Jonathan, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י חַי־יְהוָ֗ה הַמּוֹשִׁ֙יעַ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֧י אִם־יֶשְׁנ֛וֹ בְּיוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנִ֖י כִּ֣י מ֣וֹת יָמ֑וּת וְאֵ֥ין עֹנֵ֖הוּ מִכָּל־הָעָֽם׃ [For, as the LORD liveth, who saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die.' But there was not a man among all the people that answered him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.367/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:334 # text = כִּ֣י חַי־יְהוָ֗ה הַמּוֹשִׁ֙יעַ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֧י אִם־יֶשְׁנ֛וֹ בְּיוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנִ֖י כִּ֣י מ֣וֹת יָמ֑וּת וְאֵ֥ין עֹנֵ֖הוּ מִכָּל־הָעָֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.14.39 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_14:39!1|MId=o090140390011|Strong=3588 2 חַי־ חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[by].the.life|Ref=1SA_14:39!2|MId=o090140390021|Strong=2416|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 3 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_14:39!3|MId=o090140390031|Strong=3068 4-5 הַמּוֹשִׁ֙יעַ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=1SA_14:39!4|MId=o090140390041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מּוֹשִׁ֙יעַ֙ יָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=delivers|Ref=1SA_14:39!4|MId=o090140390042|Strong=3467|Frame=AA:090140390031;A0:090140390061;|Type=participle_active 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_14:39!5|MId=o090140390051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_14:39!6|MId=o090140390061|Strong=3478 8 כִּ֧י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_14:39!7|MId=o090140390071|Strong=3588 9 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 8 fixed _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_14:39!8|MId=o090140390081|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 יֶשְׁנ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 יֶשְׁנ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=(there)|Ref=1SA_14:39!9|MId=o090140390091|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 11 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_14:39!9|MId=o090140390092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 בְּיוֹנָתָ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=1SA_14:39!10|MId=o090140390101|Strong=0871a 13 יוֹנָתָ֥ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:39!10|MId=o090140390102|Strong=3129 14-15 בְּנִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=1SA_14:39!11|MId=o090140390111|Strong=1121 15 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_14:39!11|MId=o090140390112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_14:39!12|MId=o090140390121|Strong=3588 17 מ֣וֹת מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(die)|Ref=1SA_14:39!13|MId=o090140390131|Strong=4191|Type=infinitive_absolute 18 יָמ֑וּת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.die|Ref=1SA_14:39!14|MId=o090140390141|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090140390102;|Type=yiqtol 19-20 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:39!15|MId=o090140390151|Strong=2050b 20 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=1SA_14:39!15|MId=o090140390152|Strong=0369|Type=negative 21-22 עֹנֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עֹנ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=[one|Ref=1SA_14:39!16|MId=o090140390161|Strong=6030|Frame=A1:090140390162;|Type=participle_active 22 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=who].answered.him|Ref=1SA_14:39!16|MId=o090140390162|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 23-24 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_14:39!17|MId=o090140390171|Strong=4480 24 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_14:39!17|MId=o090140390172|Strong=3605 25-26 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:39!18|MId=o090140390181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:39!18|MId=o090140390182|Strong=5971 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:39!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מּוֹשִׁיעַ *delivers* | participle active · hiphil | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | | יָמוּת *he will die* | yiqtol · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | עֹנ *\[one* | participle active · qal | | ֵהוּ *who\] answered him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי קַיָם הוּא יְיָ דְפָרִיק יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי אִלּוּ אִיתוֹהִי בְּיוֹנָתָן בְּרִי אֲרֵי אִתְקְטָלָא יִתְקְטֵל וְלֵית דְמֵתִיב לֵיהּ מִכָּל עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For, as the LORD liveth, who saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die.' But there was not a man among all the people that answered him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.367/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:334`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.38/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.40/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)