--- title: 1 Samuel 14:4 — And between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side, and a rocky crag on the other side; and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh. Who acts: Jonathan, rocky crag, name. 1 Samuel 14:4 in Hebrew wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:4 # 1 Samuel 14:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Jonathan, rocky crag, name · **What happens:** seek, go over, be, name · **To what, where:** passes, Bozez, other Seneh This is 1 Samuel 14:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, rocky crag, name — and what happens in the verse to passes, Bozez, other Seneh, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבֵ֣ין הַֽמַּעְבְּר֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בִּקֵּ֤שׁ יֽוֹנָתָן֙ לַֽעֲבֹר֙ עַל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים שֵׁן־הַסֶּ֤לַע מֵהָעֵ֙בֶר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְשֵׁן־הַסֶּ֥לַע מֵהָעֵ֖בֶר מִזֶּ֑ה וְשֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ בּוֹצֵ֔ץ וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד סֶֽנֶּה׃ [And between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side, and a rocky crag on the other side; and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.332/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:299 # text = וּבֵ֣ין הַֽמַּעְבְּר֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בִּקֵּ֤שׁ יֽוֹנָתָן֙ לַֽעֲבֹר֙ עַל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים שֵׁן־הַסֶּ֤לַע מֵהָעֵ֙בֶר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְשֵׁן־הַסֶּ֥לַע מֵהָעֵ֖בֶר מִזֶּ֑ה וְשֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ בּוֹצֵ֔ץ וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד סֶֽנֶּה׃ # verse = 1SA.14.4 1-2 וּבֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and.[were]|Ref=1SA_14:4!1|MId=o090140040011|Strong=2050b 2 בֵ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=1SA_14:4!1|MId=o090140040012|Strong=0996 3-4 הַֽמַּעְבְּר֗וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:4!2|MId=o090140040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מַּעְבְּר֗וֹת מַעֲבָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=passes|Ref=1SA_14:4!2|MId=o090140040022|Strong=4569a 5 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_14:4!3|MId=o090140040031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 בִּקֵּ֤שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.sought|Ref=1SA_14:4!4|MId=o090140040041|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:090140040051;|Type=qatal 7 יֽוֹנָתָן֙ יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:4!5|MId=o090140040051|Strong=3129 8-9 לַֽעֲבֹר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:4!6|MId=o090140040061|Strong=3807a 9 עֲבֹר֙ עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=pass.over|Ref=1SA_14:4!6|MId=o090140040062|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:090140040051;|Type=infinitive_construct 10 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:4!7|MId=o090140040071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 11 מַצַּ֣ב מַצָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.garrison|Ref=1SA_14:4!8|MId=o090140040081|Strong=4673 12 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_14:4!9|MId=o090140040091|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 13 שֵׁן־ שֵׁן NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=the.tooth|Ref=1SA_14:4!10|MId=o090140040101|Strong=8127|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הַסֶּ֤לַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:4!11|MId=o090140040111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 סֶּ֤לַע סֶלַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.rock|Ref=1SA_14:4!11|MId=o090140040112|Strong=5553 16-18 מֵהָעֵ֙בֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_14:4!12|MId=o090140040121|Strong=4480 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the.other|Ref=1SA_14:4!12|MId=o090140040122|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עֵ֙בֶר֙ עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=side|Ref=1SA_14:4!12|MId=o090140040123|Strong=5676 19-20 מִזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_14:4!13|MId=o090140040131|Strong=4480 20 זֶּ֔ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 nmod _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_14:4!13|MId=o090140040132|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 21-22 וְשֵׁן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:4!14|MId=o090140040141|Strong=2050b 22 שֵׁן־ שֵׁן NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=the.tooth|Ref=1SA_14:4!14|MId=o090140040142|Strong=8127 23-24 הַסֶּ֥לַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:4!15|MId=o090140040151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 סֶּ֥לַע סֶלַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.rock|Ref=1SA_14:4!15|MId=o090140040152|Strong=5553 25-27 מֵהָעֵ֖בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_14:4!16|MId=o090140040161|Strong=4480 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the.other|Ref=1SA_14:4!16|MId=o090140040162|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 עֵ֖בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=side|Ref=1SA_14:4!16|MId=o090140040163|Strong=5676 28-29 מִזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_14:4!17|MId=o090140040171|Strong=4480 29 זֶּ֑ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 27 nmod _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_14:4!17|MId=o090140040172|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 30-31 וְשֵׁ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:4!18|MId=o090140040181|Strong=2050b 31 שֵׁ֤ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=1SA_14:4!18|MId=o090140040182|Strong=8034 32-33 הָֽאֶחָד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:4!19|MId=o090140040191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 אֶחָד֙ אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.one|Ref=1SA_14:4!19|MId=o090140040192|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 34 בּוֹצֵ֔ץ בּוֹצֵץ PROPN _ _ 4 conj _ Gloss=[was].Bozez|Ref=1SA_14:4!20|MId=o090140040201|Strong=0949 35-36 וְשֵׁ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:4!21|MId=o090140040211|Strong=2050b 36 שֵׁ֥ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=1SA_14:4!21|MId=o090140040212|Strong=8034 37-38 הָאֶחָ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_14:4!22|MId=o090140040221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 אֶחָ֖ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.one|Ref=1SA_14:4!22|MId=o090140040222|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 39 סֶֽנֶּה סֶנֶּה PROPN _ _ 4 conj _ Gloss=[was].Seneh|Ref=1SA_14:4!23|MId=o090140040231|Strong=5573|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:4!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בִּקֵּשׁ *he sought* | qatal · piel | יֽוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | עֲבֹר *pass over* | infinitive construct · qal | יֽוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבֵין מְגִיזָתָא דִבְעָא יוֹנָתָן לְמֶעְבַּר עַל אִסְטַרְטִיג פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי שִׁנָא דְכֵיפָא מֵעֶבְרָא מִכָּא וְשִׁנָא דְכֵיפָא מֵעֶבְרָא מִכָּא וְשׁוּם חֲדָא מַשְׁרוּעִיתָא וְשׁוּם חֲדָא מַדְרוֹכִיתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side, and a rocky crag on the other side; and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.332/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:299`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)