--- title: 1 Samuel 14:45 — And the people said unto Saul: 'Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the people said unto Saul: 'Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel? Far from it; as the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day.' So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not. Who acts: people, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:45 # 1 Samuel 14:45 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** people, Jonathan, LORD, one hair · **What happens:** say, die, wrought, live, not fall, work · **To what, where:** great salvation, Israel, Jonathan · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 14:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, Jonathan, LORD, one hair — and what happens in the verse to great salvation, Israel, Jonathan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל הֲ‍ֽיוֹנָתָ֤ן ׀ יָמוּת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָ֠שָׂה הַיְשׁוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל֒ חָלִ֗ילָה חַי־יְהוָה֙ אִם־יִפֹּ֞ל מִשַּׂעֲרַ֤ת רֹאשׁוֹ֙ אַ֔רְצָה כִּֽי־עִם־אֱלֹהִ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּפְדּ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֖ן וְלֹא־מֵֽת׃ס [And the people said unto Saul: 'Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.373/) [Far from it; as the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day.' So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.374/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:340 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל הֲ‍ֽיוֹנָתָ֤ן ׀ יָמוּת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָ֠שָׂה הַיְשׁוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל֒ חָלִ֗ילָה חַי־יְהוָה֙ אִם־יִפֹּ֞ל מִשַּׂעֲרַ֤ת רֹאשׁוֹ֙ אַ֔רְצָה כִּֽי־עִם־אֱלֹהִ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּפְדּ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֖ן וְלֹא־מֵֽת׃ס # verse = 1SA.14.45 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:45!1|MId=o090140450011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.said|Ref=1SA_14:45!1|MId=o090140450012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090140450022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָעָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:45!2|MId=o090140450021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָ֜ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:45!2|MId=o090140450022|Strong=5971 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:45!3|MId=o090140450031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_14:45!4|MId=o090140450041|Strong=7586 7-8 הֲ‍ֽיוֹנָתָ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הֲ‍ֽ הֲ PART _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_14:45!5|MId=o090140450051|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 8 יוֹנָתָ֤ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:45!5|MId=o090140450052|Strong=3129 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:45!5 10 יָמוּת֙ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=will.he.die|Ref=1SA_14:45!6|MId=o090140450061|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090140450052;|Type=yiqtol 11 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_14:45!7|MId=o090140450071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 עָ֠שָׂה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.done|Ref=1SA_14:45!8|MId=o090140450081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090140450052;A1:090140450092;|Type=qatal 13-14 הַיְשׁוּעָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:45!9|MId=o090140450091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יְשׁוּעָ֨ה יְשׁוּעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=deliverance|Ref=1SA_14:45!9|MId=o090140450092|Strong=3444 15-16 הַגְּדוֹלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_14:45!10|MId=o090140450101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 גְּדוֹלָ֣ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1SA_14:45!10|MId=o090140450102|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 17-18 הַזֹּאת֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_14:45!11|MId=o090140450111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 זֹּאת֮ זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 14 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_14:45!11|MId=o090140450112|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 19-20 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_14:45!12|MId=o090140450121|Strong=0871a 20 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_14:45!12|MId=o090140450122|Strong=3478 21-22 חָלִ֗ילָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 חָלִ֗יל חָלִילָה INTJ _ _ 22 discourse _ Gloss=far|Ref=1SA_14:45!13|MId=o090140450131|Strong=2486|Type=interjection 22 ָה ה X _ _ 10 parataxis _ Gloss=be.it|Ref=1SA_14:45!13|MId=o090140450132|Strong=1886c|Type=paragogic_he 23 חַי־ חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=[by].the.life|Ref=1SA_14:45!14|MId=o090140450141|Strong=2416|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 24 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 23 nsubj _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_14:45!15|MId=o090140450151|Strong=3068 25 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_14:45!16|MId=o090140450161|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 26 יִפֹּ֞ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.fall|Ref=1SA_14:45!17|MId=o090140450171|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090140450182;|Type=yiqtol 27-28 מִשַּׂעֲרַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=one|Ref=1SA_14:45!18|MId=o090140450181|Strong=4480 28 שַּׂעֲרַ֤ת שַׂעֲרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=of.the.hair[s]|Ref=1SA_14:45!18|MId=o090140450182|Strong=8185 29-30 רֹאשׁוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.head|Ref=1SA_14:45!19|MId=o090140450191|Strong=7218 30 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:45!19|MId=o090140450192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 אַ֔רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אַ֔רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=the.ground|Ref=1SA_14:45!20|MId=o090140450201|Strong=0776 32 ָה ה X _ _ 31 nmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:45!20|MId=o090140450202|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 33 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_14:45!21|MId=o090140450211|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 34 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_14:45!22|MId=o090140450221|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 35 אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 obl _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_14:45!23|MId=o090140450231|Strong=0430 36 עָשָׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.acted|Ref=1SA_14:45!24|MId=o090140450241|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090140450052;|Type=qatal 37-38 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:45!25|MId=o090140450251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_14:45!25|MId=o090140450252|Strong=3117 39-40 הַזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_14:45!26|MId=o090140450261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 זֶּ֑ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_14:45!26|MId=o090140450262|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 41-42 וַיִּפְדּ֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:45!27|MId=o090140450271|Strong=2050b 42 יִּפְדּ֥וּ פָּדָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.redeemed|Ref=1SA_14:45!27|MId=o090140450272|Strong=6299|Frame=A0:090140450282;A1:090140450301;|Type=wayyiqtol 43-44 הָעָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 44 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:45!28|MId=o090140450281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 44 עָ֛ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_14:45!28|MId=o090140450282|Strong=5971 45 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_14:45!29|MId=o090140450291|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 46 יוֹנָתָ֖ן יוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 42 obj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=1SA_14:45!30|MId=o090140450301|Strong=3129 47-48 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:45!31|MId=o090140450311|Strong=2050b 48 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 49 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_14:45!31|MId=o090140450312|Strong=3808|Type=negative 49 מֵֽת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=1SA_14:45!32|MId=o090140450321|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090140450301;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:45!32|SpaceAfter=No 51 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:45!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *it said* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יָמוּת *will he die* | yiqtol · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he has done* | qatal · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | יְשׁוּעָה *deliverance* | | | | יִפֹּל *it will fall* | yiqtol · qal | שַּׂעֲרַת *of the hair\[s\]* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he has acted* | qatal · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | | יִּפְדּוּ *they redeemed* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | **not** מֵֽת *he died* | qatal · qal | יוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר עַמָא לְשָׁאוּל הַיוֹנָתָן יִתְקְטֵיל דִי עֲבַד פּוּרְקָנָא רַבָּא הָדֵין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל חָס קַיָם הוּא יְיָ אִם יִפּוֹל מִסְעַר רֵישֵׁיהּ לְאַרְעָא אֲרֵי קֳדָם יְיָ גְלֵי דִבְשָׁלוּ עֲבַד יוֹמָא דֵין וּפְרָקוּ עַמָא יַת יוֹנָתָן וְלָא מִית: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the people said unto Saul: 'Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.373/) 2. [Far from it; as the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day.' So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.374/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:340`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.44/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.46/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)