--- title: 1 Samuel 14:47 — So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his ene… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse. Who acts: Saul. 1 Sam --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.47/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:47 # 1 Samuel 14:47 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** take, fight, turn, put · **To what, where:** kingdom, Israel, side, Saul, Philistines This is 1 Samuel 14:47 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul — and what happens in the verse to kingdom, Israel, side, Saul, Philistines, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׁא֛וּל לָכַ֥ד הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם סָבִ֣יב ׀ בְּֽכָל־אֹיְבָ֡יו בְּמוֹאָ֣ב ׀ וּבִבְנֵי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י צוֹבָה֙ וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֖ה יַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃ [So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.376/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:342 # text = וְשָׁא֛וּל לָכַ֥ד הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם סָבִ֣יב ׀ בְּֽכָל־אֹיְבָ֡יו בְּמוֹאָ֣ב ׀ וּבִבְנֵי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י צוֹבָה֙ וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֖ה יַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃ # verse = 1SA.14.47 1-2 וְשָׁא֛וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:47!1|MId=o090140470011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׁא֛וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_14:47!1|MId=o090140470012|Strong=7586 3 לָכַ֥ד לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.taken|Ref=1SA_14:47!2|MId=o090140470021|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:090140470012;A1:090140470032;|Type=qatal 4-5 הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:47!3|MId=o090140470031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מְּלוּכָ֖ה מְלוּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=kingship|Ref=1SA_14:47!3|MId=o090140470032|Strong=4410 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=1SA_14:47!4|MId=o090140470041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_14:47!5|MId=o090140470051|Strong=3478 8-9 וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:47!6|MId=o090140470061|Strong=2050b 9 יִּלָּ֣חֶם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.waged.war|Ref=1SA_14:47!6|MId=o090140470062|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:090140470012;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 סָבִ֣יב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 9 advmod _ Gloss=all.around|Ref=1SA_14:47!7|MId=o090140470071|Strong=5439 11 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:47!7 12-13 בְּֽכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_14:47!8|MId=o090140470081|Strong=0871a 13 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_14:47!8|MId=o090140470082|Strong=3605 14-15 אֹיְבָ֡יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֹיְבָ֡י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=1SA_14:47!9|MId=o090140470091|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_14:47!9|MId=o090140470092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 בְּמוֹאָ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_14:47!10|MId=o090140470101|Strong=0871a 17 מוֹאָ֣ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 13 nmod _ Gloss=Moab|Ref=1SA_14:47!10|MId=o090140470102|Strong=4124 18 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:47!10 19-21 וּבִבְנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:47!11|MId=o090140470111|Strong=2050b 20 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_14:47!11|MId=o090140470112|Strong=0871a 21 בְנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=1SA_14:47!11|MId=o090140470113|Strong=1121 22 עַמּ֨וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=1SA_14:47!12|MId=o090140470121|Strong=5983 23-25 וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:47!13|MId=o090140470131|Strong=2050b 24 בֶ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_14:47!13|MId=o090140470132|Strong=0871a 25 אֱד֜וֹם אֱדוֹם PROPN _ _ 17 conj _ Gloss=Edom|Ref=1SA_14:47!13|MId=o090140470133|Strong=0123 26-28 וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:47!14|MId=o090140470141|Strong=2050b 27 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_14:47!14|MId=o090140470142|Strong=0871a 28 מַלְכֵ֤י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=1SA_14:47!14|MId=o090140470143|Strong=4428 29 צוֹבָה֙ צוֹבָא PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zobah|Ref=1SA_14:47!15|MId=o090140470151|Strong=6678 30-33 וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:47!16|MId=o090140470161|Strong=2050b 31 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_14:47!16|MId=o090140470162|Strong=0871a 32 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:47!16|MId=o090140470162ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_14:47!16|MId=o090140470163|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 34-36 וּבְכֹ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:47!17|MId=o090140470171|Strong=2050b 35 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_14:47!17|MId=o090140470172|Strong=0871a 36 כֹ֥ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_14:47!17|MId=o090140470173|Strong=3605 37 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=1SA_14:47!18|MId=o090140470181|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 38 יִפְנֶ֖ה פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 36 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.turned|Ref=1SA_14:47!19|MId=o090140470191|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:090140470012;|Type=yiqtol 39 יַרְשִֽׁיעַ רָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.acted.wickedly|Ref=1SA_14:47!20|MId=o090140470201|Strong=7561|Frame=A0:090140470012;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:47!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | לָכַד *he had taken* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | מְּלוּכָה *kingship* | | | | יִּלָּחֶם *he waged war* | wayyiqtol · niphal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יִפְנֶה *he turned* | yiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יַרְשִֽׁיעַ *he acted wickedly* | yiqtol · hiphil | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְשָׁאוּל אַצְלַח בְּמַלְכוּתָא עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר בְּכָל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבוֹהִי בְּמוֹאָב וּבִבְנֵי עַמוֹן וּבֶאֱדוֹם וּבְמַלְכֵי צוֹבָה וּבִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּבְכָל אֲתַר דְמִתְפְּנֵי מְחַיָב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.376/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:342`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.46/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.48/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)