--- title: 1 Samuel 14:52 — And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him. Who acts: sore war, Saul. 1 Samuel 14:52 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.52/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / 14:52 # 1 Samuel 14:52 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** sore war, Saul · **What happens:** be, see, take · **To what, where:** mighty man, war This is 1 Samuel 14:52 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sore war, Saul — and what happens in the verse to mighty man, war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתְּהִ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ חֲזָקָ֣ה עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרָאָ֨ה שָׁא֜וּל כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ גִּבּוֹר֙ וְכָל־בֶּן־חַ֔יִל וַיַּאַסְפֵ֖הוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ס [And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.381/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:347 # text = וַתְּהִ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ חֲזָקָ֣ה עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרָאָ֨ה שָׁא֜וּל כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ גִּבּוֹר֙ וְכָל־בֶּן־חַ֔יִל וַיַּאַסְפֵ֖הוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ס # verse = 1SA.14.52 1-2 וַתְּהִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:52!1|MId=o090140520011|Strong=2050b 2 תְּהִ֤י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_14:52!1|MId=o090140520012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090140520022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_14:52!2|MId=o090140520021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מִּלְחָמָה֙ מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=war|Ref=1SA_14:52!2|MId=o090140520022|Strong=4421 5 חֲזָקָ֣ה חָזָק ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=severe|Ref=1SA_14:52!3|MId=o090140520031|Strong=2389|Type=adjective 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_14:52!4|MId=o090140520041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_14:52!5|MId=o090140520051|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 8 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_14:52!6|MId=o090140520061|Strong=3605 9 יְמֵ֣י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=1SA_14:52!7|MId=o090140520071|Strong=3117 10 שָׁא֑וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_14:52!8|MId=o090140520081|Strong=7586 11-12 וְרָאָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:52!9|MId=o090140520091|Strong=2050b 12 רָאָ֨ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=1SA_14:52!9|MId=o090140520092|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090140520101;A1:090140520121;090140520151;|Type=weqatal 13 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_14:52!10|MId=o090140520101|Strong=7586 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_14:52!11|MId=o090140520111|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_14:52!12|MId=o090140520121|Strong=0376 16 גִּבּוֹר֙ גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 amod _ Gloss=mighty|Ref=1SA_14:52!13|MId=o090140520131|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 17-18 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:52!14|MId=o090140520141|Strong=2050b 18 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_14:52!14|MId=o090140520142|Strong=3605 19 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=son|Ref=1SA_14:52!15|MId=o090140520151|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 20 חַ֔יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=1SA_14:52!16|MId=o090140520161|Strong=2428 21-23 וַיַּאַסְפֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_14:52!17|MId=o090140520171|Strong=2050b 22 יַּאַסְפ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_14:52!17|MId=o090140520172|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:090140520101;A1:090140520173;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=gathered.him|Ref=1SA_14:52!17|MId=o090140520173|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 24-25 אֵלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֵלָֽי אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_14:52!18|MId=o090140520181|Strong=0413 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=1SA_14:52!18|MId=o090140520182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:52!18|SpaceAfter=No 27 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1SA_14:52!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | מִּלְחָמָה *war* | | | | | רָאָה *he saw* | weqatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | אִישׁ *man* + בֶּן־ *son* | | | | יַּאַסְפ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | ֵהוּ *gathered him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוַת קְרָבָא תַּקִיפָא עַל פְּלִישְׁתָּאֵי כָּל יוֹמֵי שָׁאוּל וַחֲזָא שָׁאוּל כָּל גְבַר גִבַּר וְכָל גְבַר עָבֵיד קְרָב וּכְנַשׁ יָתֵיהּ לְוָתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.381/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:347`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.51/) - next →: [1 Samuel 15:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.15.1/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/)